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10 <h1>C I T A D E L</h1>
11 <h2>a messaging and collaboration platform
12 for groupware and BBS applications</h2>
13 Copyright ©1987-2005 by the Citadel development team:<br>
15 <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
18 <td valign="top">Clint Adams<br>
20 <td valign="top"><i>portability enhancements<br>
24 <td valign="top">Steven M. Bellovin<br>
26 <td valign="top"><i>author of public domain 'parsedate' function<br>
30 <td valign="top">Nathan Bryant<br>
32 <td valign="top"><i>build system, security, database access, and
37 <td valign="top">Art Cancro<br>
39 <td valign="top"><i>overall system design and lead
44 <td valign="top">Brian Costello<br>
46 <td valign="top"><i>cosmetics, additional commands<br>
50 <td valign="top">Nick Georbit<br>
52 <td valign="top"><i>additional client features<br>
56 <td valign="top">David Given<br>
58 <td valign="top"><i>IMAP and build patches<br>
62 <td valign="top">Michael Hampton<br>
64 <td valign="top"><i>client software development<br>
68 <td style="vertical-align: top;">Urs Jannsen<br>
70 <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">text
71 search algorithm</span><br>
75 <td valign="top">Andru Luvisi<br>
77 <td valign="top"><i>troubleshooting and development assistance<br>
81 <td valign="top">Daniel Malament<br>
83 <td valign="top"><i>string compare function for IMAP server<br>
87 <td valign="top">Stu Mark<br>
89 <td valign="top"><i>additional client features, IGnet protocol
94 <td valign="top">Ben Mehlman<br>
96 <td valign="top"><i>additional client features<br>
100 <td valign="top">Ari Samson<br>
102 <td valign="top"><i>assistance with project management<br>
106 <td valign="top">Trey Van Riper<br>
108 <td valign="top"><i>portability enhancements<br>
112 <td valign="top">John Walker<br>
114 <td valign="top"><i>author of public domain base64
119 <td valign="top">Steve Williams<br>
121 <td valign="top"><i>documentation<br>
125 <td valign="top">Ethan Young<br>
127 <td valign="top"><i>IGnet protocol design<br>
134 <div align="justify">The entire package is open source; you can
135 redistribute and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
136 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
137 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.<br>
139 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
140 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
141 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
142 General Public License for more details. </div>
143 <div align="justify"><br>
144 For more information, visit either of these locations on
147 <li>The Citadel home page: <a href="http://www.citadel.org">http://www.citadel.org</a></li>
148 <li>UNCENSORED! BBS, the home of Citadel: <a
149 href="http://uncensored.citadel.org">http://uncensored.citadel.org</a></li>
151 <hr size="2" width="100%">
152 <h2 align="center">Table of Contents</h2>
154 <li><a href="#GPL">License</a></li>
155 <li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
157 <li><a href="#Everything_in_its_place...">Everything in its
159 <li><a href="#ctdl_login_acct">Creating a system account for Citadel</a></li>
160 <li><a href="#bypassing_login">Bypassing the login:
162 <li><a href="#Compiling_the_programs">Compiling the programs</a></li>
163 <li><a href="#Upgrading">Upgrading</a></li>
164 <li><a href="#rc_file">The citadel.rc file</a></li>
165 <li><a href="#Using_an_external_editor_for_message">Using an
166 external editor for message composition</a></li>
167 <li><a href="#Printing_messages">Printing messages</a></li>
168 <li><a href="#URL_viewing">URL viewing</a></li>
169 <li><a href="#Setup_and_login">Setup and login</a></li>
170 <li><a href="#Configuring_your_host_system_to_start">Configuring
171 your host system to start the service</a></li>
172 <li><a href="#first_time_login">Logging in for
173 the first time</a></li>
174 <li><a href="#Welcoming_new_users">Welcoming new users</a></li>
175 <li><a href="#adding_doors">Space for adding
176 your own client features (doors)</a></li>
177 <li><a href="#Troubleshooting_and_getting_help">Troubleshooting and
181 <li><a href="#sysop">System Administration</a></li>
183 <li><a href="#Overview_">Overview</a></li>
184 <li><a href="#Aide_commands">Aide commands</a></li>
185 <li><a href="#Editing_rooms">Editing rooms</a></li>
186 <li><a href="#File_directories">File directories</a></li>
187 <li><a href="#Creating_and_editing_user_accounts">Creating and
188 editing user accounts</a></li>
189 <li><a href="#Deleting_and_moving_messages">Deleting and moving
191 <li><a href="#Customizing_the_help_files">Customizing the help files</a></li>
192 <li><a href="#Site_configuration">Site configuration</a><br>
195 <li> <a href="#Configuring_Citadel_for_Internet_e-mail">Configuring
196 Citadel for Internet e-mail</a></li>
198 <li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
199 <li><a href="#Basic_site_configuration">Basic site configuration</a></li>
200 <li><a href="#Enabling_the_Internet_mail_protocols">Enabling the
201 Internet mail protocols</a></li>
202 <li><a href="#Hosting_an_Internet_mailing_list">Hosting an Internet
205 <li><a href="#citmail">Using Citadel in conjunction with another MTA</a></li>
207 <li><a href="#Building_or_joining_a_Citadel_network">Building or
208 joining a Citadel network</a></li>
210 <li><a href="#Overview__">Overview</a></li>
211 <li><a href="#Conventions_and_etiquette_when">Conventions and
212 etiquette when connecting to the public Citadel network</a></li>
213 <li><a href="#Getting_ready_to_join_the_network">Getting ready
214 to join the network</a></li>
215 <li><a href="#Defining_neighbor_nodes">Defining neighbor nodes</a></li>
216 <li><a href="#Sharing_rooms">Sharing rooms</a></li>
217 <li><a href="#Sending_mail">Sending mail</a></li>
218 <li><a href="#Changing_the_polling_interval">Changing the polling
221 <li><a href="#Database_maintenance">Database maintenance</a></li>
223 <li><a href="#Introduction_">Introduction</a></li>
224 <li><a href="#Backing_up_your_Citadel_database">Backing up your
225 Citadel database</a><br>
227 <li><a href="#Database_repair">Database repair</a></li>
228 <li><a href="#ImportingExporting_your_Citadel">Importing/Exporting
229 your Citadel database</a><br>
232 <li><a href="#crypto">Cryptography support (TLS/SSL)</a></li>
234 <li><a href="#crypto_intro">Overview</a></li>
235 <li><a href="#real_cert">Generating and installing a Trusted
238 <li><a href="#LDAP_Directory_Support">LDAP directory support</a></li>
240 <li><a href="#Introduction_ldap">Introduction</a></li>
241 <li><a href="#Preparing_your_LDAP_server_for_Citadel">Preparing
242 your LDAP server for Citadel connections</a><br>
244 <li><a href="#Configuring_the_LDAP_Connector_for">Configuring the
245 LDAP Connector for Citadel</a><br>
248 <li><a href="#utilities">Included utilities</a></li>
250 <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
251 <li><a href="#aidepost">aidepost</a></li>
252 <li><a href="#whobbs">whobbs</a></li>
253 <li><a href="#msgform">msgform</a></li>
254 <li><a href="#userlist">userlist</a></li>
255 <li><a href="#sendcommand">sendcommand</a></li>
259 <hr size="2" width="100%"><br>
260 <h2 align="center"><a name="GPL"></a>GNU General Public License<br>
263 <p> Version 2, June 1991 </p>
264 <pre>Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <br>59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA<br><br>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies<br>of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.<br></pre>
265 <h3 align="justify">Preamble</h3>
266 <div align="justify"> </div>
267 <p align="justify"> The licenses for most software are designed to take
268 away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General
269 Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and
270 change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its
271 users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
272 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
273 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
274 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
275 your programs, too. </p>
276 <div align="justify"> </div>
277 <p align="justify"> When we speak of free software, we are referring to
278 freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make
279 sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software
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281 or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use
282 pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these
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294 can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
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322 <div align="justify"> </div>
323 <h3>TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</h3>
324 <div align="justify"> </div>
325 <p align="justify"> <strong>0.</strong> This License applies to any
326 program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright
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524 published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not
525 specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version
527 the Free Software Foundation. </p>
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529 parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution
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536 of software generally. </p>
537 <p align="justify"><strong>NO WARRANTY</strong></p>
538 <div align="justify"> </div>
539 <p align="justify"> <strong>11.</strong> BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS
540 LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE
541 EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN
542 WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM
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546 AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD
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548 SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. </p>
549 <p align="justify"> <strong>12.</strong> IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED
550 BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR
551 ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS
552 PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL,
554 INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY
555 TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA
556 BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES
557 OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN
558 IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
561 <p align="justify"> </p>
562 <h3>END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</h3>
564 <hr size="2" width="100%"><br>
566 <h2><a name="Installation"></a>Installation</h2>
568 <div align="justify">
570 <p>Citadel is an advanced, multiuser, client/server messaging system
571 suitable for BBS, e-mail, and groupware applications. It is designed to
572 handle the needs of both small dialup systems and large-scale
573 Internet-connected systems. It was originally developed on an Altos
574 system running Xenix, and has been installed and tested on various Unix
575 and Unix-like platforms. The current development environment (and
576 public BBS) is an ordinary Linux system. The current distribution
579 <li>The Citadel server (this is the back end that does all
581 <li>A text-based client program designed with the traditional Citadel
582 "look and feel" (room prompts, dot commands, and the like) </li>
583 <li>Setup programs </li>
584 <li>A set of utilities for system administration and maintenance </li>
585 <li>Documentation </li>
587 <p>Some knowledge of the Unix system is necessary to install and manage
588 the system. It is mandatory that the sysop have "root" access to the
589 operating system. The following are required to install Citadel: </p>
591 <li>A unix-like operating system (Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, etc.) </li>
592 <li>C compiler (<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/">GCC</a> with <a
593 href="http://www.gnu.org/software/make/make.html">gmake</a> is the
594 recommended build environment) </li>
595 <li>POSIX threads (already present on most systems) </li>
597 <li><a href="http://www.sleepycat.com">Berkeley DB</a> v4.1 or newer</li>
598 <li><a href="http://softwarestudio.org/libical/">libical</a> v0.24 or
599 newer (if you want the calendar service to work)<br>
601 <li>Enough disk space to hold all of the programs and data </li>
603 <p>If you are running Citadel on a Linux system, it is STRONGLY
604 recommended that you run it on a recent distribution (such as Fedora
605 Core 3 or newer). A new-ish
606 distribution will have most or all of the prerequisite tools and
607 libraries already integrated for you.</p>
608 <h3>Other pieces which complete the Citadel system:</h3>
610 <li>"WebCit", a gateway program to allow full access to Citadel via
611 the World Wide Web. Interactive access through any Web browser. </li>
612 <li>Access to Citadel via <i>any</i> standards-compliant e-mail
613 program, thanks to Citadel's built-in SMTP, POP, and IMAP services.
614 You can use Mozilla, Netscape, Evolution, Eudora, Pine, Outlook, etc.
616 <li>Access to Citadel's calendar and address book functions using any
617 GroupDAV-enabled PIM client (requires WebCit).<br>
620 <h3>Coming soon:</h3>
622 <li>More integration with third-party software.<br>
625 <h3><a name="Everything_in_its_place..."></a>Everything in its place...</h3>
626 <p>Hopefully you've unpacked the distribution archive into its own
627 directory. This is the directory in which all Citadel files are located
629 which all activity will take place. Several subdirectories have already
630 been created during the unpacking process, and others may be created
631 by the software if needed. Make sure you have Berkeley DB installed on
632 your system, and that you have all the development libraries and
634 in place so that you can compile against them. If you don't, you can
635 get the latest Berkeley DB at <a href="http://www.sleepycat.com">http://www.sleepycat.com</a>.
636 If your operating system uses a separate library to support POSIX
637 threads (pthreads), make sure that library is installed as well. This
638 is almost never the case with Linux, but some commercial Unix flavors
642 <h3><a name="ctdl_login_acct"></a>Creating a system account for Citadel</h3>
643 <p>As with many Unix programs, Citadel wants to run under its own user
644 ID. Unlike other programs, however, this user ID will do double-duty as
645 a public login for your system if you are running a BBS. This account
646 is typically called "bbs" or "citadel" or something to that effect. You
647 will tell Citadel what the user-id of that account is, and when someone
648 logs in under that account, Citadel will prompt for a user name.</p>
649 <p>The Citadel user should have a unique uid. The home directory should
650 be the one your Citadel installation resides in (in this example we
651 will use <tt>/usr/local/citadel</tt>) and the shell should be either
653 that directory, or a script that will start up the citadel client.
655 <pre>citadel::100:1:Citadel Login:/usr/local/citadel:/usr/local/citadel/citadel<br></pre>
656 <p>When you run setup later, you will be required to tell it the
657 username or user ID of the account you created is, so it knows what
658 user to run as. If you create an account called <tt>citadel, bbs</tt>,
659 or <tt>guest</tt>, the setup program will automatically pick up the
660 user ID by default.</p>
661 <p>For all other users in /etc/passwd (or in some other name service
662 such as NIS), Citadel will automatically set up
663 an account using the full name (or 'gecos' in Unixspeak) of the user.
664 It'll also ignore any password you supply, because it uses the user's
666 on the host system. This allows a 'single sign on' type of environment.
667 Note that this does have to be enabled at compile time -- it's the
669 option called <tt>--enable-autologin</tt>. Keep in mind that these
671 can use *either* their Citadel login name or their login name on the
673 computer, and their password on the host computer.<br>
676 <h3><a name="bypassing_login"></a>Bypassing the <tt>login:</tt>
678 <p>If you normally log in to your host system using some method other
679 than telnet (such as ssh), you might want the telnet service to go
680 straight into Citadel, instead of displaying the <tt>login:</tt>
682 can do this by having telnetd start citadel directly instead of
683 <tt>/bin/login</tt>. The <tt>setup</tt> program will offer to
685 this automatically for you if it sees a configuration it understands.
686 If you would prefer to configure it manually, all you need to do is
688 simple change to your <tt>inetd</tt> or <tt>xinetd</tt>
689 configuration. Here are some configuration examples.</p>
690 <p>An example for <tt>inetd</tt> (put the following line in <tt>/etc/inetd.conf</tt>,
691 replacing any existing telnet configuration line already there):</p>
692 <pre>telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.telnetd -L /usr/local/citadel/citadel<br></pre>
693 <p>An example for <tt>xinetd</tt> (if you have a file called <tt>/etc/xinetd.d/telnet</tt>
694 then simply replace that file with this one):</p>
695 <pre>service telnet<br>{<br> flags = REUSE<br> socket_type = stream<br> wait = no<br> user = root<br> server = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd<br> server_args = -L /usr/local/citadel/citadel<br> log_on_failure += USERID<br> disable = no<br>}<br></pre>
696 <p>Please make sure you know what you're doing before you install this!
698 you are going to put Citadel somewhere other than <tt>/usr/local/citadel</tt>
699 then change the directory name accordingly. If you know of any other
700 local peculiarities which need to be observed, edit the above
702 accordingly as well. And, of course, if you're working remotely, make
703 sure you can successfully log in using SSH <b>before</b> you start
705 changes to telnet, because if you accidentally break telnet and don't
707 SSH running, you'll have effectively locked yourself out of your system
708 until you can get physical access to the console.<br>
711 <h3><a name="Compiling_the_programs"></a>Compiling the programs</h3>
712 <p>You can easily compile the Citadel system with the following
714 <pre>./configure<br>make<br>make install<br></pre>
715 <p>The 'configure' script will generate a Makefile from the
717 and it will also write the file "sysdep.h" to your Citadel directory.
718 Please do not edit sysdep.h or Makefile.in yourself. The configure
720 figure out your system dependencies and set everything correctly.</p>
721 <p>Mac OS X 10.1 and later are now supported. (Sorry, 10.0 cannot be
722 supported, now or in the future.) You need to install the Developer
723 Tools CD, which you can purchase or download for free from <a
724 href="http://developer.apple.com">http://developer.apple.com</a>. Then
725 run configure like this:</p>
726 <pre>env CC=/usr/bin/cc ./configure (options - see below)<br></pre>
727 <p>By default, the Citadel system will install in <tt>/usr/local/citadel</tt>.
728 If you wish to place it in a different directory, you can instead do:</p>
729 <pre>./configure --prefix=/export/home/citadel (or whatever)<br></pre>
730 <p>If you've got Berkeley DB installed in a non-standard location, you
731 can help the configure script find it by doing something like this:</p>
732 <pre>./configure --with-db=/usr/local/BerkeleyDB-4.1<br></pre>
733 <p>Keep in mind that if you're using Berkeley DB from a non-standard
735 you'll have to make sure that location is available at runtime.</p>
736 <p>File permissions are always a bother to work with. You don't want
737 Citadel to crash because someone couldn't access a file, but you also
738 don't want shell users peeking into the binaries to do things like
739 reading others' mail, finding private rooms, etc. The Citadel server
740 needs to be started as root in order to bind to privileged ports, but
741 as soon as its initialization is finished, it changes its user ID to
742 your Citadel user in order to avoid security holes.</p>
743 <h3><a name="Upgrading"></a>Upgrading</h3>
744 <p>Any existing Citadel installation which is at version 5.50 or newer
745 may be upgraded in place without the need to discard your existing data
747 <p>Upgrading to a new version uses the same build procedure as
749 the program for a fresh install, except that you want to do <tt>make
750 upgrade</tt> instead of <tt>make install</tt>. This will
751 overwrite the programs but not your data. <b>Be sure to shut down
752 citserver during this process!</b> If Citadel is running while you
753 upgrade, you may face data corruption issues.<br>
755 <p>After doing <tt>make upgrade</tt>, you should run <tt>setup</tt>
756 again to bring your data files up to date. Please see the setup section
757 below for more information on this.</p>
758 <h3><a name="rc_file"></a>The <tt>citadel.rc</tt> file</h3>
759 <p>The text-based client included with Citadel is suitable for BBS
760 applications. Much of its command set and other behavior is
761 configurable through a Run Control (RC) file. The standard client looks
762 for this file in the following locations: </p>
764 <li><tt>$HOME/.citadelrc</tt></li>
765 <li><i>your-Citadel-directory</i><tt>/citadel.rc</tt></li>
766 <li><tt>/etc/citadel.rc</tt></li>
767 <li><i>current-directory</i><tt>/citadel.rc</tt></li>
769 The next couple of sections deal with client-side configuration.
770 <h3><a name="Using_an_external_editor_for_message"></a>Using an
772 for message composition</h3>
773 <p>Citadel has a built-in message editor. However, you can also use
774 your favorite text editor to write messages. To do this you simply put
775 a line in your citadel.rc file like this:</p>
776 <pre>editor=/usr/bin/vi<br></pre>
777 <p>The above example would make Citadel call the vi editor when using
778 the <tt><b>.E</b>nter <b>E</b>ditor</tt> command. You can also make
779 it the default editor for the <tt><b>E</b>nter</tt> command by editing
780 the <tt>citadel.rc</tt> file. <b>But be warned:</b> external editors
781 on public systems can
782 be a security hole, because they usually provide users with the ability
783 to drop into a shell on the host system, or save files using names
785 than the name of the temporary file they are editing. If you intend to
786 use an external editor on a public BBS, make sure you use one that has
788 hardened for such a purpose -- one which has had the 'shell' and 'save
790 commands disabled, as well as any other functions which a destructive
791 user could use to gain unauthorized access to your host system.</p>
792 <h3><a name="Printing_messages"></a>Printing messages</h3>
793 <p>Citadel can send messages to a printer, or just about anywhere
794 else in your system. The variable <tt>PRINTCMD</tt> in <tt>citadel.rc</tt>
795 specifies what command you use to print. Text is sent to the standard
796 input (stdin) of the print command.</p>
797 <p>So if you did this:</p>
798 <pre>printcmd="a2ps -o - |lpr -Plocal"<br></pre>
799 <p>...that would convert the printed text to PostScript, then print on
801 printer named "local". There's tons of stuff you can do with this
802 feature. For example, you could use a command like <tt>cat
803 <<$HOME/archive</tt> to save copies of important messages in a
804 textfile. Again, this is probably something you don't want to configure
805 for a public BBS host -- most system administrators don't want remote
806 users sending arbitrary things to local printers.</p>
807 <h3><a name="URL_viewing"></a>URL viewing</h3>
808 <p>This is one more feature which is appropriate for local users. While
810 a message that has Internet URL's in it, you can select the <tt><b>U</b>RL-view</tt>
811 command, and it will perform some pre-defined action (usually, this is
812 to open up the URL in a web browser). For example:</p>
813 <pre>urlcmd=netscape -remote "openURL(%s)"<br></pre>
814 <p>In the above example, it would open up the URL in an open <a
815 href="http://www.netscape.com/download">Netscape</a> window.<br>
818 <h3><a name="Setup_and_login"></a>Setup and login</h3>
819 <p>Before logging in for the first time, you must run the setup
820 program. To begin this procedure, enter the following commands:</p>
821 <pre>cd /usr/local/citadel<br>./setup<br></pre>
822 <p>The setup program will guide you through a simple configuration
823 procedure. It will ask you what directory to place your data files in
824 -- the default is the current directory, which is usually the sensible
825 thing to select. If you want to run more than one instance of Citadel
826 on the same host, however, you can specify a different directory here
827 -- just remember to specify the directory name again when you start up
828 the server later on.</p>
829 <p><tt>setup</tt> will then shut down the Citadel service if it is
832 <p>You will then be prompted for the name of the system administrator.
833 This is not merely a cosmetic option -- when you log in to your system
834 a little while from now, you'll log in with this name, and it will
835 automatically assign your account the highest access level.</p>
836 <p>Next, you will be prompted for the User ID of the Citadel account on
837 your host system. If you have an account called <tt>bbs</tt>, <tt>guest</tt>,
838 or <tt>citadel</tt>, that account's UID will be the default. If you
839 are upgrading or reconfiguring an existing system, the existing value
840 will be preserved.</p>
841 <p>Then you will be prompted for a server port number. This is the TCP
842 port which Citadel clients use to connect to your Citadel server. In
843 almost all cases, you want to use the default -- port 504, which is the
844 official port number assigned by the IANA for Citadel implementations.</p>
845 <p>The Citadel service will then be started, and you will see the
846 following message:</p>
847 <pre>Setup is finished. You may now log in.<br></pre>
848 <p>Setup is now complete, on most systems, anyway. Please see below to
849 find out if you need to do anything else:</p>
850 <h3><a name="Configuring_your_host_system_to_start"></a>Configuring
852 system to start the service</h3>
853 <p><b>Please note:</b> this topic involves modifications made to <tt>/etc/services</tt>
854 and <tt>/etc/inittab</tt> in order to configure your host system to
855 automatically start the Citadel service. <tt>setup</tt> will
856 automatically perform these steps if it can, and if you allow it to --
857 just answer 'Yes' when prompted, and everything will be taken care of
858 for you. If you answer 'No' -- or if your system is a little bit odd
859 (for example, BSD systems don't have <tt>/etc/inittab</tt>) -- read
860 this section and do what you need to in order to get things configured.</p>
861 <p>Before you can use Citadel, you must define the "citadel" service to
862 your system. This is accomplished by adding a line to your
863 /etc/services file that looks something like this:</p>
864 <pre>citadel 504/tcp # Citadel Server<br></pre>
865 <p>504 is the port number officially designated by the IANA for use by
866 Citadel. There should not be any need to use a different port number,
867 unless you are running multiple Citadels on the same computer and
869 a different port for each one.</p>
870 <p>The next step is to arrange for the server to start. The <tt>citserver</tt>
871 program is the main Citadel server. Before we cover the recommended
872 method of starting the server, let's examine its usage options:</p>
873 <pre>citserver [-hHomeDir] [-xDebugLevel] [-tTraceFile] [-lLogFacility] [-d] [-f]<br></pre>
874 <p>The options are as follows:</p>
875 <p><tt>-hHomeDir</tt> - the directory your Citadel data files live in.
876 This should, of course, be a directory that you've run the <tt>setup</tt>
877 program against to set up some data files. If a directory is not
878 specified, the directory
879 name which was specified in the <tt>Makefile</tt> will be used.</p>
880 <p><tt>-xDebugLevel</tt> - Set the verbosity of trace messages printed.
881 When -x is used, it will suppress messages sent to syslog (see below).
883 other words, syslog will never see certain messages if -x is used.
885 you should configure logging through syslog, but -x may still be useful
887 some circumstances. The available debugging levels are: </p>
889 <li>0 - Emergency condition; Citadel will exit immediately </li>
890 <li>1 - Severe errors; Citadel may be unable to continue without
892 <li>2 - Critical errors; Citadel will continue with degraded
894 <li>3 - Error conditions; Citadel will recover and continue normally </li>
895 <li>4 - Warning messages; Citadel will continue normally </li>
896 <li>5 - Normal operational messages </li>
897 <li>6 - Informational messages, progress reports, etc. </li>
898 <li>7 - Debugging messages; extremely verbose </li>
900 <p><tt>-tTraceFile</tt> - Tell the server where to send its debug/trace
901 output. Normally it is sent to stdout.</p>
902 <p><tt>-lLogFacility</tt> - Tell the server to send its debug/trace
904 to the <tt>syslog</tt> service on the host system <i>instead of</i>
906 trace file. <tt>LogFacility</tt> must be one of: <tt><i>kern, user,
908 daemon, auth, syslog, lpr, news, uucp, local0, local1, local2, local3,
909 local4, local5, local6, local7</i></tt>. Please note that use of the
910 <tt>-l</tt> option will cancel any use of the <tt>-t</tt> option; that
912 if you specify a trace file <i>and</i> a syslog facility, log output
914 only go to the syslog facility.
916 <p><tt>-d</tt> - Run as a daemon; i.e. in the background. This switch
917 would be necessary if you were starting the Citadel server, for
918 example, from an rc.local script (which is not recommended, because
919 this won't allow the server to automatically restart when it is shut
921 <p><tt>-f</tt> - Defragment all the databases upon startup. This
922 currently has no effect, as it is a vestige from the old data store.</p>
923 <p>The preferred method of starting the Citadel server is to place an
924 entry in your /etc/inittab file. This will conveniently bring the
925 server up when your system is up, and terminate it gracefully when your
926 system is shutting down. The exact syntax for your system may vary, but
927 here's an entry that could be used on a Linux system:</p>
928 <pre>cit:2345:respawn:/usr/local/citadel/citserver -h/usr/local/citadel -t/dev/tty9 -x6<br></pre>
929 <p>In this example, we've chosen debugging level 6, and have the trace
930 stuff output to one of the virtual consoles. It's important to remember
931 to turn off any getty that is set up on that virtual console, if you do
932 this. After making this change, the command <tt>init q</tt> works on
933 most systems to tell init to re-read the file. If in doubt, just reboot
937 <h3><a name="first_time_login"></a>Logging in for the
939 <p>At this point, your system is ready to run. Run the <tt>citadel</tt>
940 program from the shell and log in as a new user. NOTE: the first user
941 account to be created will automatically be set to access level 6
942 (Aide). This overcomes some obvious logistical problems - normally,
943 Aide access is given by another Aide, but since there aren't any on
944 your system yet, this isn't possible.<br>
947 <h3><a name="Welcoming_new_users"></a>Welcoming new users</h3>
948 <p>Sometimes you might decide that you want a welcome message (or
949 several different messages) automatically mailed to new users upon
950 their first login. Now there is a way to do this. If you create a room
951 called <tt>New User Greetings</tt>, and it is a <i>private</i> room
952 (invitation-only probably makes the most sense), any messages you enter
953 into that room will automatically be delivered to all new users upon
955 <p>You can put anything you want there: a welcome message, system
956 policies, special information, etc. You can also put as many messages
957 there as you want to (although it really doesn't make sense to clutter
958 new users' mailboxes with lots of junk).</p>
959 <p>Don't worry about wasting disk space, either. Citadel has a
960 single-instance message store, so all the new users are actually
961 looking at the same copy of the message on disk.<br>
964 <h3><a name="adding_doors"></a>Space for adding
966 client features (doors)</h3>
967 <p><b>Please take note!</b> This function really represents the "old"
968 way of doing things, and it doesn't fit in well with the client/server
969 paradigm. Please consider it "deprecated" because it may be removed
971 <p>The "doorway" feature is just a generic way to add features to the
972 system. It is called "Doorway" to make it resemble the doors on
973 non-Unix boards, but as we all know, us Unix types don't have to write
974 special code to access the modem. :-) Anyway, when a user hits the <tt><b>*</b></tt>
975 (doorway) command, Citadel does...</p>
976 <pre>USERNAME=(username); export USERNAME<br>./subsystem (user-number) (screen-width) (access level)<br></pre>
977 <p>...so you can put whatever you want in there. I suggest putting in a
979 program to allow the users to pick one of a number of programs, etc. Do
980 be aware that door programs will only be available when the client and
982 programs are running on the <i>same</i> computer, and when the user is
984 the text-mode client. Because of these restrictions, Door programs are
986 utilized less and less every day.<br>
989 <h3><a name="Troubleshooting_and_getting_help"></a>Troubleshooting and
991 <p>That's just about all the information you need to install the
992 system. But if you get stuck, you can visit <a
993 href="http://uncensored.citadel.org">UNCENSORED! BBS</a> and report a
994 problem or ask for help. But if you intend to report a problem getting
995 the Citadel server to run, <i>please</i> double-check the following
998 <li>Did you do <tt>./configure && make && make
999 install</tt> ?? </li>
1000 <li>Did you run setup? </li>
1001 <li>Did you start the server? </li>
1003 <p>To report a problem, you can log on to <a
1004 href="http://uncensored.citadel.org">UNCENSORED!</a> or any other BBS
1005 on the Citadel network which carries the <tt>Citadel/UX></tt> room.
1006 Please DO NOT e-mail the developers directly. Post a request for help
1007 on the BBS, with all of the following information: </p>
1009 <li>The exact nature of your difficulty </li>
1010 <li>A transcript of the error message(s) if possible </li>
1011 <li>The version of Citadel you are running </li>
1012 <li>The version of Berkeley DB present on your system </li>
1013 <li>Which operating system you are running, and what version </li>
1014 <li>If you are running a Linux system, we need to know which
1015 distribution, and the version of the kernel, libc, and pthreads you
1016 are using (it would help to post the output of a <tt>ldd ./citserver</tt>
1020 <div align="center">
1021 <hr size="2" width="100%">
1022 <h2><a name="sysop"></a>System Administration</h2>
1024 <div align="justify">
1025 <h3><a name="Overview_"></a>Overview</h3>
1026 <p>Citadel, when installed properly, will do most of its maintenance
1027 by itself. It is intended to be run unattended for extended periods of
1028 time, and most installations do just that without any software failures.</p>
1029 <p>The system has seven access levels. Most users are at the bottom and
1031 no special privileges. Aides are selected people who have special
1033 the Citadel program. Room Aides only have this access in a certain
1034 room. Preferred users can be selected by Aides for access to preferred
1035 only rooms. A sysop is anyone who has access to the various sysop
1037 are in their own executable files, which should have their permissions
1039 to allow only sysops to run them. You should either create a sysops
1041 in /etc/group, or use some other existing group for this purpose.</p>
1042 <p>Aides have access to EVERY room on the system, public and private
1043 (all types). They also have access to commands starting with <tt>.<b>A</b>ide</tt>
1044 in addition to being able to delete and move messages. The system room,
1045 <tt>Aide></tt>, is accessible only by those users designated as
1047 <h3><a name="Aide_commands"></a>Aide commands</h3>
1048 <p>Aides have the following commands available to them that are not
1049 available to normal users. They are:</p>
1053 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>K</b>ill this room </tt></td>
1054 <td> Deletes the current room from the system. </td>
1057 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>E</b>dit this room </tt></td>
1058 <td> Allows editing of the properties of the current room. This
1059 is explained in greater detail below. </td>
1062 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>W</b>ho knows room </tt></td>
1063 <td> For private rooms with access controls, or mailbox rooms,
1064 this command displays a list of users who have access to the current
1068 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide edit <b>U</b>ser </tt></td>
1069 <td> Allows editing of the properties of any user account
1070 on the system. </td>
1073 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>V</b>alidate new users </tt></td>
1074 <td> For public access systems, this command reviews all new user
1075 registrations and allows you to set each new user's access level (or
1076 simply delete the accounts). </td>
1079 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide enter <b>I</b>nfo file </tt></td>
1080 <td> Each room may contain a short textual description of
1081 its purpose, which is displayed to users upon entering the room for the
1082 first time (or in the room banner, for users of the Web client). This
1083 command allows you to enter or edit that description. </td>
1086 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>R</b>oom <b>I</b>nvite
1088 <td> Access control command to grant any specific user access to
1089 a private room. </td>
1092 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>R</b>oom <b>K</b>ick
1094 <td> Access control command to revoke any specifc user's access
1095 to the current room. This works regardless of whether the room is
1096 public or private. </td>
1099 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>F</b>ile <b>D</b>elete </tt></td>
1100 <td> If the current room has an associated file directory, this
1101 command may be used to delete files from it. </td>
1104 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>F</b>ile <b>S</b>end
1106 <td> If the current room has an associated file directory, this
1107 command may be used to transmit a copy of any file in that directory to
1108 another node on a Citadel network. </td>
1111 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>F</b>ile <b>M</b>ove </tt></td>
1112 <td> If the current room has an associated file directory, this
1113 command may be used to move any file in that directory to another room.
1114 The target room must also have an associated file directory. </td>
1117 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>M</b>essage edit </tt></td>
1118 <td> This command allows editing of any of the various system
1119 banners and messages which are displayed to users. Type the name of
1120 the banner or message you wish to edit. </td>
1123 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>P</b>ost </tt></td>
1124 <td> This is the functional equivalent of the <tt><b>E</b>nter
1125 message</tt> command available to all users, except that it allows you
1126 to post using any user name. </td>
1129 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>S</b>ystem configuration <b>G</b>eneral
1131 <td> This command allows configuration of a large number of
1132 global settings for your Citadel system. These settings will be
1133 explained in greater detail below. </td>
1136 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>S</b>ystem configuration <b>I</b>nternet
1138 <td> This command allows configuration of settings which affect
1139 how your Citadel system sends and receives messages on the Internet. </td>
1142 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>S</b>ystem configuration
1143 check <b>M</b>essage base </tt></td>
1144 <td> Perform a consistency check on your message store. This is a
1145 very time-consuming operation which should not be performed unless you
1146 have reason to believe there is trouble with your database. </td>
1149 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>S</b>ystem configuration <b>N</b>etwork
1151 <td> Configure networking (e-mail, room sharing, etc.) with other
1152 Citadel nodes. </td>
1155 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>S</b>ystem configuration
1156 network <b>F</b>ilter list </tt></td>
1157 <td> If you are on a large public or semi-public network of
1158 Citadel nodes and you find content from certain systems or individuals
1159 objectionable, you can use this command to define a rule set to
1160 automatically reject those messages when they arrive on your system. </td>
1163 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>T</b>erminate server <b>N</b>ow
1165 <td> Immediately shut down the Citadel service, disconnecting any
1166 users who are logged in. Please keep in mind that it will start
1167 right back up again if you are running the service from <tt>/etc/inittab</tt>,
1168 so in practice this command will probably not get much use. </td>
1171 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>T</b>erminate server <b>S</b>cheduled
1173 <td> Shut down the Citadel service the next time there are zero
1174 users connected. This allows you to automatically wait until all users
1175 are logged out. </td>
1178 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide mailing <b>L</b>ist recipients
1180 <td> Any room may be made into a mailing list. Enter this command
1181 to open an editor window containing the list of Internet e-mail
1182 addresses to which every message posted in the room will be sent. </td>
1185 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide mailing list <b>D</b>igest
1186 recipients </tt></td>
1187 <td> Similar to the regular mailing list command, except the
1188 messages will be sent out in 'digest' form -- recipients will see
1189 messages from the address of the room itself rather than the address of
1190 the author of each message, and a digest may contain more than one
1191 message. Each room may have any combination of List and Digest
1195 <td width="30%"><tt> .<b>A</b>ide <b>N</b>etwork room sharing </tt></td>
1196 <td> Configures the sharing of the current room's contents with
1197 other Citadel nodes. Messages posted in this room on any Citadel system
1198 will automatically be replicated to other Citadel systems carrying the
1205 <h3><a name="Editing_rooms"></a>Editing rooms</h3>
1206 <p>This command allows any aide to change the parameters of a room. Go
1207 to the room you wish to edit and enter the <tt><b>.A</b>ide <b>E</b>dit
1208 room</tt> command. A series of prompts will be displayed. The existing
1209 parameters will be displayed in brackets; simply press return if you
1211 to leave any or all of them unchanged.</p>
1212 <pre> <br>Room name [IG's Fun Room]:<br></pre>
1213 <p>...the name of the room.</p>
1214 <pre>Private room [Yes]? <br></pre>
1215 <p>...enter Yes if you wish to restrict access to the room, or no if
1217 is to be accessible by all users. Note that Citadel doesn't bother
1219 about access to rooms every time they need to access the room. Once a
1221 gains access to a private room, it then behaves like a public room to
1223 The following four questions will only be asked if you selected
1225 <pre>Accessible by guessing room name [No]?<br></pre>
1226 <p>...if you enter Yes, the room will not show up in users' <tt><b>K</b>nown
1227 rooms</tt> listing, but if they <tt><b>.G</b>oto</tt> the room (typing
1228 the room's full name), they will gain access to the room.</p>
1229 <pre>Accessible by entering a password [No]?<br>Room password [mypasswd]: <br></pre>
1230 <p>...this adds an additional layer of security to the room, prompting
1231 users for a password before they can gain access to the room.</p>
1232 <p>If you did not select guessname or passworded, then the only way
1233 users can access the room is if an Aide explicitly invites them to the
1234 room using the <tt><b>.A</b>ide <b>R</b>oom <b>I</b>nvite user</tt>
1236 <pre>Cause current users to forget room [No] ? No<br></pre>
1237 <p>Enter Yes if you wish to kick out anyone who currently has access to
1239 <pre>Preferred users only [No]? No<br></pre>
1240 <p>Enter Yes if you wish to restrict the room to only users who have
1241 level 5 (Preferred User) status (and Aides too, of course). You should
1242 make the room public if you intend to do this, otherwise the two
1243 restrictions will be COMBINED.</p>
1244 <pre>Read-only room [No]? No<br></pre>
1245 <p>If you set a room to Read-Only, then normal users will not be
1247 post messages in it. Messages may only be posted by Aides, and by
1248 utility programs such as the networker and the "aidepost" utility. This
1250 useful in situations where a room is used exclusively for important
1251 announcements, or if you've set up a room to receive an Internet
1253 list and posting wouldn't make sense. Other uses will, of course,
1255 apparent as the need arises.</p>
1256 <p>Now for a few other attributes...</p>
1257 <pre>Directory room [Yes]? Yes<br></pre>
1258 <p>...enter Yes if you wish to associate a directory with this room.
1259 This can be used as a small file repository for files relevant to the
1260 topic of the room. If you enter Yes, you will also be prompted with the
1261 following four questions:</p>
1262 <pre>Directory name [mydirname]: <br></pre>
1263 <p>...the name of the subdirectory to put this room's files in. The
1264 name of the directory created will be <tt><i><your Citadel
1265 directory></i>/files/<i><room dir name></i></tt>.</p>
1266 <pre>Uploading allowed [Yes]? Yes<br></pre>
1267 <p>...enter Yes if users are allowed to upload to this room.</p>
1268 <pre>Downloading allowed [Yes]? Yes<br></pre>
1269 <p>...enter Yes if users are allowed to download from this room.</p>
1270 <pre>Visible directory [Yes]? Yes<br></pre>
1271 <p>...enter Yes if users can read the directory of this room.</p>
1272 <pre>Network shared room [No]? No<br></pre>
1273 <p>...you can share a room over a network without setting this flag,
1275 vice versa, but what this flag does is twofold: </p>
1277 <li>It prevents people with no network access from entering messages
1279 <li>Messages are displayed with the name of their originating
1280 system in the header. </li>
1282 <pre>Permanent room [No]? No<br></pre>
1283 <p>Citadel contains an 'auto purger' which is capable of removing rooms
1284 which have not been posted in for a pre-defined period of time (by
1286 this is set to two weeks). If you wish to keep this from happening to
1287 a particular room, you can set this option. (Keep in mind that <tt>Lobby></tt>,
1288 <tt>Aide></tt>, any private mailbox rooms, any network shared rooms,
1289 and any rooms with a file directory are automatically permanent.)</p>
1290 <pre>Anonymous messages [No]? No<br>Ask users whether to make messages anonymous [No]? No<br></pre>
1291 <p>...you can have rooms in which all messages are automatically
1292 anonymous, and you can have rooms in which users are prompted whether
1294 message anonymous when they enter it. The real identity of the author
1295 of each message is still revealed to the Room Aide for this room, as
1297 as any system-wide Aides.</p>
1298 <pre>Room aide [Joe Responsible]: <br></pre>
1299 <p>...on larger systems, it helps to designate a person to be
1300 responsible for a room. Room Aides have access to a restricted set of
1301 Aide commands, ONLY when they are in the room in which they have this
1302 privilege. They can edit the room, delete the room, delete and move
1303 messages, and invite or kick out users (if it is a private room), but
1304 they cannot perform aide commands that are not room-related (such as
1305 changing users access levels).</p>
1306 <pre>Listing order [64]: <br></pre>
1307 <p>This is just a simple way to try to control the order rooms are
1308 listed in when users call up a <tt><b>K</b>nown Rooms</tt> listing.
1309 Rooms with a lower listing order are displayed prior to rooms with a
1310 higher listing order. It has no other effect. For users who list rooms
1311 in floor order, the display will sort first by floor, then by listing
1313 <pre>Message expire policy (? for list) [0]:<br></pre>
1314 <p>This provides you with the opportunity to select how long each
1315 message will remain in a room before automatically being deleted. Press
1316 <tt><b>?</b></tt> for a list of options. You can choose to keep
1317 messages around forever (or until they are manually deleted), until
1318 they become a certain number of days old, or until a certain number of
1319 additional messages are posted in the room, at which time the oldest
1320 ones will scroll out.</p>
1321 <p>When a new Citadel system is first installed, the default
1323 expire policy is set to 'manual' -- no automatic purging of messages
1324 takes place anywhere. For public message boards, you will probably want
1325 to set some sort of automatic expire policy, in order to prevent your
1326 message base from growing forever.</p>
1327 <p>You will notice that you can also fall back to the default expire
1328 policy for the floor upon which the room resides. This is the default
1329 setting. You can change the floor's default with the <tt><b>;A</b>ide <b>E</b>dit
1330 floor</tt> command. The default setting for the floor default, in turn,
1331 is the system default setting, which can be changed using the <tt><b>.A</b>ide
1332 <b>S</b>ystem configuration <b>G</b>eneral</tt> command.</p>
1333 <pre>Save changes (y/n)? Yes<br></pre>
1334 <p>...this gives you an opportunity to back out, if you feel you really
1335 messed things up while editing.<br>
1338 <h3><a name="File_directories"></a>File directories</h3>
1339 <p>If you have created any directory rooms, you can attach file
1340 descriptions to the filenames through a special file called <tt>filedir</tt>.
1341 Each line contains the name of a file in the directory, followed by a
1342 space and then a description of the file, such as:</p>
1343 <pre>myfile.txt This is a description of my file.<br>phluff A phile phull of phluff!<br></pre>
1344 <p>...this would create file descriptions for the files <tt>myfile.txt</tt>
1345 and <tt>phluff</tt> which would be displayed along with the directory.
1346 It should also be noted that when users upload files to your system,
1347 they will be prompted for file descriptions, which will be added to the
1348 <tt>filedir</tt> file. If one does not exist, it will be created.<br>
1351 <h3><a name="Creating_and_editing_user_accounts"></a>Creating and
1352 editing user accounts</h3>
1353 <p>Anyone with Aide level access may use the <tt><b>.A</b>ide edit <b>U</b>ser</tt>
1354 command to create and/or edit user accounts. There are several
1355 parameters which can be set here.</p>
1356 <p>To create a user:</p>
1357 <pre>Lobby> . Aide edit User <br>User name: New User Name<br>No such user.<br>Do you want to create this user? Yes<br></pre>
1358 <p>At this point, the new user account has been created, and the
1360 continue as if you were editing an existing account. Therefore the
1362 of this procedure is the same for creating and editing:</p>
1363 <pre>Lobby> . Aide edit User <br>User name: person of significance<br>User #70 - Person of Significance PW: <br><br>,<br><br>Current access level: 4 (Network User)<br></pre>
1364 <p>The blank lines are the user's 'registration' information --
1366 information such as full name, address, telephone number, etc. This
1368 will comprise the user's vCard in both their user profile and in the
1371 <pre>Change password [No]: No<br></pre>
1372 <p>...answer Yes to set or change the password for this account.</p>
1373 <pre>Access level [4]: <br></pre>
1374 <p>...this allows you to set or change the access level for this
1375 account. The access levels available are as follows: </p>
1377 <li>0 - Deleted. (This immediately deletes the account.) </li>
1378 <li>1 - New, unvalidated user </li>
1379 <li>2 - Problem user (severely restricts account - use for
1380 probationary access) </li>
1381 <li>3 - User with no network privileges. Same access as a normal user
1382 except cannot post messages in rooms shared on a network. </li>
1383 <li>4 - Normal user </li>
1384 <li>5 - Preferred user (access is granted to privileged rooms) </li>
1385 <li>6 - Aide (administrative access to the whole system) </li>
1387 <pre>Permission to send/receive Internet mail [ No]? No<br></pre>
1388 <p>If your system is configured to only allow Internet mail privileges
1389 to certain users, this is where you can grant or revoke that privilege.</p>
1390 <pre>Ask user to register again [Yes]: Yes<br></pre>
1391 <p>If you answer Yes to this question, the user will be presented with
1393 'registration' screen or set of prompts, the next time they log in
1395 a Citadel client. This will prompt them for their full name, address,
1398 <pre>Times called [0]: <br>Messages posted [0]: <br></pre>
1399 <p>These statistics are available for informational purposes only, so
1400 there is normally no need to change them.</p>
1401 <pre>Set last call to now [No]: No<br>Purge time (in days, 0 for system default [0]: <br></pre>
1402 <p>Citadel contains an auto-purger which is capable of automatically
1403 deleting accounts which have not been accessed in a predefined period
1404 of time. If you choose to perform this operation, you can 'touch' the
1406 of a wayward user by setting their 'last call' time to 'now'. You can
1407 also adjust, on a per-user basis, the amount of time which must pass
1409 their account is purged by the system. This time is set in days. You
1410 can also specify 0 days to indicate that you wish to use the system
1415 <h3><a name="Deleting_and_moving_messages"></a>Deleting and moving
1417 <p>Aides and Room Aides have the ability to delete and move messages.
1418 After each message, the normal prompt appears:</p>
1419 <pre>(8) <B>ack <A>gain <Q>uote <R>eply <N>ext <S>top m<Y> next <?>help -><br></pre>
1420 <p>Entering <tt><b>D</b>elete</tt> will delete the message. A <tt>(y/n)</tt>
1421 prompt will appear to confirm that you really want to delete the
1422 message. Entering <tt><b>M</b>ove</tt> will prompt for a room to which
1423 the message should be moved.<br>
1426 <h3><a name="Customizing_the_help_files"></a>Customizing the help files</h3>
1427 <p>The subdirectory called <tt>help</tt> contains your system's help
1428 files. There's nothing hard-coded into the system that dictates what
1430 should be there. Whenever a user types the command <tt><b>.H</b>elp</tt>
1431 followed by the name of a help file, it displays the contents of that
1433 <p>The help files that come with the system, of course, are enough to
1434 guide a user through its operation. But you can add, change, or remove
1435 help files to suit whatever is appropriate for your system.</p>
1436 <p>There are several strings that you can put in help files that will
1438 substituted with other strings. They are:</p>
1439 <pre> <br> ^nodename = The node name of your system on a Citadel network<br> ^humannode = Human-readable node name (also your node name on C86Net)<br> ^fqdn = Your system's fully-qualified domain name<br> ^username = The name of the user reading the help file<br> ^usernum = The user number of the user reading the help file<br> ^sysadm = The name of the system administraor (i.e., you)<br> ^variantname = The name of the software you're running<br> ^bbsdir = The directory on the host system in which you have<br> installed the Citadel system.<br></pre>
1440 <p>So, for example, you could create a help file which looked like:</p>
1441 <pre> "Lots of help, of course, is available right here on ^humannode. Of<br>course, if you still have trouble, you could always bug ^sysadm about it!"<br><br></pre>
1442 <h3><a name="Site_configuration"></a>Site configuration</h3>
1443 <p>Once your Citadel server is up and running, the first thing you'll
1444 want to do is customize and tune it. This can be done from the
1445 text-based client with the <tt><b>.A</b>ide <b>S</b>ystem
1446 configuration <b>G</b>eneral</tt> command, or from WebCit (if you have
1447 it installed) by clicking 'Advanced Options' followed by 'Edit
1448 site-wide configuration.' Either method will offer the same
1449 configuration options. This document shows the text mode client being
1451 <p>The first set of options deal with the identification of your system.</p>
1452 <pre>Lobby> . Aide System configuration General<br>Node name [uncnsrd]: <br>Fully qualified domain name [uncensored.citadel.org]: <br>Human readable node name [Uncensored]: <br>Modem dialup number [US 914 999 9999]: <br>Geographic location of this system [Mount Kisco, NY]: <br>Name of system administrator [IGnatius T Foobar]: <br>Paginator prompt [<jinkies
1453 !="" more="" text="" on="" the="" next="" screen="">]: <br></jinkies></pre>
1454 <p>'Node name' refers to the short, unqualified node name by which your
1455 system is known on a Citadel network. Generally it will be the same as
1456 the unqualified host name of your computer; this is, in fact, the
1457 default setting.</p>
1458 <p>Then enter the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) of your system. If
1460 are not on the Internet, you can simply set it to the same as your
1461 unqualified host name. Otherwise you should set this value to the host
1462 name by which your system is most commonly known.</p>
1463 <p>The field called 'Human-readable node name' (also known as the 'node
1464 title' or 'organization name' in other software) is used solely for
1465 display purposes. Set it to the actual name of your system as you want
1467 banners, messages, etc.</p>
1468 <p>If you have a modem or bank of modems answering data calls for your
1469 system, enter it in the field marked 'Modem dialup number.' Otherwise
1470 you may leave it blank.</p>
1471 <p>'Geographic location of this system' is another display field. Enter
1472 a city and state, or city and country. </p>
1473 <p>'Name of system administrator' is important! Any user who logs on
1474 with the name you enter here will automatically be granted Aide
1475 privileges. This is one of two ways for the system administrator to
1476 grant himself/herself Aide access to the system when initially setting
1477 it up. (The other is simply to have the first account created on a new
1479 <p>The next set of options are your system's security settings. Before
1480 delving into the actual options, we should review the various access
1481 levels available on the system. Citadel has seven access levels:</p>
1483 <li>0 (Deleted). A user whose access level is set to 0 will
1484 automatically be deleted by the system. </li>
1485 <li>1 (New User). Users at this level may only read messages.
1486 Entering messages is prohibited, except in the <tt>Mail></tt> room,
1487 where a message to 'sysop' may be entered. </li>
1488 <li>2 (Problem User). Also known as 'Twit.' </li>
1489 <li>3 (Local User). May enter messages, except in rooms shared on a
1490 Citadel network. </li>
1491 <li>4 (Network User). May enter messages in every accessible
1493 <li>5 (Preferred User). Use of this level is up to the whim of the
1494 system administrator. </li>
1495 <li>6 (Aide). Access is granted to the administrative functions of
1496 the system. (This access level may also be granted to a user only for a
1497 specific room, please see 'Room Aide' for more information.) </li>
1499 <pre>Require registration for new users [No]: No<br>Disable self-service user account creation [No]: No<br>Initial access level for new users [4]:<br>Access level required to create rooms [4]: <br>Automatically give room aide privs to a user who creates a private room [No]: No<br><br>Automatically move problem user messages to twit room [Yes]: Yes<br>Name of twit room [Trashcan]: <br>Restrict Internet mail to only those with that privilege [No]: No<br>Allow Aides to Zap (forget) rooms [Yes]: Yes<br>Log all pages [No]: No<br></pre>
1500 <p>'Registration' refers to the process of a user entering various
1501 personal contact information (real name, address, telephone number,
1502 etc.) into the system. When enabled, this information is stored as a
1503 vCard object on the system in two places: the user's <tt>My Citadel
1505 room, and in the <tt>Global Address Book></tt> room. (Note: the
1507 should be made private on publicly-accessible systems, for obvious
1509 <p>If you answer Yes to 'Require registration for new users' then each
1510 new user, upon creating a new account, will immediately be entered into
1511 the registration process. On the other hand, if you answer Yes to
1512 'Disable self-service user account creation' then new users will not be
1514 log in at all -- all accounts must be created by an Aide.</p>
1515 <p>'Initial access level for new users' should be set to 1 (New User)
1516 if you would like to review each new user's registration info before
1517 granting them higher access. This would be done periodically with the <tt><b>.A</b>ide
1518 <b>V</b>alidate new users</tt> command. If you do not require
1519 registration, you should set the initial access level to 4 (Network
1521 <p>Given the above options, it then becomes clear that there are
1522 generally two ways you can set up your Citadel system, depending on its
1525 <li><b>A public access BBS or message board</b> - since you do
1526 not know who might want to log in, self-service account creation needs
1528 stay enabled. If you want to be strict about users identifying
1530 then you should also require users to register (just remember to post a
1531 privacy policy if you're going to collect personal information) -- then
1533 the initial access level to 1 (New User), so new users cannot post
1535 until after you've validated them. For a more lax environment, you can
1536 remove the registration requirement and grant new accounts level 4
1538 User) access on the first visit. </li>
1539 <li><b>A private email/groupware system for your organization</b> -
1540 in this case, disable self-service account creation; you don't want
1541 strangers welcoming themselves to your system. You'll probably also
1543 to disable registration, because you or some other site administrator
1544 will be entering users' contact info when you create their accounts.
1545 Since this is also how you assign their Internet e-mail addresses, it's
1546 probably a good idea to do it yourself instead of expecting them to do
1549 <p>'Access level required to create rooms' is up to you. You might wish
1551 restrict the creation of new rooms only to Aides, or you might wish to
1553 anyone to create a room. The latter is one of the Citadel culture's
1555 long-standing traditions; the former may be appropriate if users are
1558 <p>You have the ability to 'Automatically give room aide privs to a
1559 user who creates a private room.' If you answer Yes, then any user who
1561 guess-name, passworded, or invitation-only room will automatically
1562 become the room aide, and will have access to a subset of the <tt><b>.A</b>ide</tt>
1563 command set while in that room. If you would rather grant this
1564 permission manually, answer No.</p>
1565 <p>Another tradition in the Citadel culture is to refrain from deleting
1566 problem users, but instead to 'twit' them (reduce their access level to
1568 [Problem User]). You can then 'Automatically move problem user messages
1569 to twit room' (answer Yes, then specify 'Name of twit room' and
1571 to create that room). If you employ this logic, any user with level 2
1573 User) access will continue to have access to the same set of rooms, but
1575 messages posted will automatically be routed to the Trashcan (or
1577 you call your twit room).</p>
1578 <p>If you have Internet mail configured, you have the option of
1579 restricting its use on a user-by-user basis. If you wish to do this,
1580 answer Yes to 'Restrict Internet mail to only those with that
1581 privilege.' Obviously this makes no sense for an internal e-mail
1582 system, but for a public BBS it
1583 might be appropriate.</p>
1584 <p>Normally, Aides have access to every room, public or private.
1585 They are also forbidden from <tt><b>Z</b>ap</tt>ping
1586 rooms, because the review of content is considered one of their roles.
1587 If you wish to change these policies, the next two options allow you
1588 to. You may 'Allow Aides to Zap (forget) rooms', in which case they may
1589 use the <tt><b>Z</b>ap</tt> command just like any other user.
1590 Aides may also <tt><b>.G</b>oto</tt> any private mailbox belonging to
1592 user, using a special room name format.</p>
1593 <p>If your local security and/or privacy policy dictates that you keep
1595 log of all pages (instant messages) that go through the system, then
1597 Yes to 'Log all pages'. If you answer Yes, you will be prompted for the
1598 name of a room to which all pages will be logged. If you answer No,
1600 only the sender and recipient of each individual message will receive a
1602 <p>The next set of options deals with the tuning of your system. It is
1603 usually safe to leave these untouched.</p>
1604 <pre>Server connection idle timeout (in seconds) [900]: <br>Maximum concurrent sessions [20]: <br>Maximum message length [10000000]: <br>Minimum number of worker threads [5]: <br>Maximum number of worker threads [256]: <br>Automatically delete committed database logs [Yes]:<br></pre>
1605 <p>The 'Server connection idle timeout' is for the connection between
1606 client and server software. It is <b>not</b> an idle timer for the
1607 user interface. 900 seconds (15 minutes) is the default and a sane
1609 <p>'Maximum concurrent sessions' is the highest number of user sessions
1610 you wish to allow on your system at any given time. Citadel can scale
1611 to hundreds of concurrent users, but if you have limited hardware or
1612 (more likely) limited bandwidth, you might wish to set a maximum. You
1613 can also set it to zero for no limit.</p>
1614 <p>'Maximum message length' is just that. This could be a good way to
1615 prevent enormous multimedia files from finding their way into your
1616 message base. This maximum is enforced in all protocols and is also
1617 advertised by the ESMTP service.</p>
1618 <p>The minimum and maximum number of worker threads can be tuned to
1620 liking. Citadel will attempt to keep one worker thread running per
1622 within these constraints. You should be aware that due to the use of
1624 worker thread model, Citadel can handle a large number of concurrent
1626 with a much smaller thread pool. If you don't know the programming
1628 behind multithreaded servers, you should leave these parameters alone.<br>
1630 <p>'Automatically delete committed database logs' is a <span
1631 style="font-style: italic;">crucial</span> setting which affects your
1632 system's disk utilization and backup recoverability. Please refer
1633 to the <a href="#Database_maintenance">database maintenance</a>
1634 section of this document to learn how the presence or absence of
1635 database logs affect your ability to reliably backup your Citadel
1638 <p>The next set of options affect how Citadel behaves on a network.</p>
1639 <pre>Server IP address (0.0.0.0 for 'any') [0.0.0.0]:<br>POP3 server port (-1 to disable) [110]:<br>POP3S server port (-1 to disable) [995]:<br>IMAP server port (-1 to disable) [143]:<br>IMAPS server port (-1 to disable) [993]:<br>SMTP MTA server port (-1 to disable) [25]:<br>SMTP MSA server port (-1 to disable) [587]:<br>SMTPS server port (-1 to disable) [465]:<br>Correct forged From: lines during authenticated SMTP [Yes]:<br></pre>
1640 <p>"Server IP address" refers to the IP address on <span
1641 style="font-style: italic;">your server</span> to which Citadel's
1642 protocol services should be bound. Normally you will leave this
1643 set to 0.0.0.0, which will cause Citadel to listen on all of your
1644 server's interfaces. However, if you are running multiple
1645 Citadels on a server with multiple IP addresses, this is where you
1646 would specify which one to bind this instance of Citadel to.</p>
1647 <p>Then you can specify TCP port numbers for the SMTP, POP3, and IMAP
1648 services. For a system being used primarily for Internet e-mail, these
1649 are essential, so you'll want to specify the standard port numbers: 25,
1650 110, and 143. If Citadel is running alongside some other mail system,
1651 though, then you might want to choose other, unused port numbers, or
1652 enter -1 for any protocol
1653 to disable it entirely.</p>
1654 <p>You'll also notice that you can specify two port numbers for SMTP:
1656 for MTA (Mail Transport Agent) and one for MSA (Mail Submission Agent).
1658 traditional ports to use for these purposes are 25 and 587. If you are
1659 running an external MTA, such as Postfix (which submits mail to Citadel
1661 LMTP) or Sendmail (which submits mail to Citadel using the 'citmail'
1662 delivery agent), that external MTA will be running on port 25, and you
1664 specify "-1" for the Citadel MTA port to disable it. The MSA port
1666 usually 587) would be the port used by end-user mail client programs
1668 Aethera, Thunderbird, Eudora, or Outlook, to submit mail into the
1670 All connections to the MSA port <b>must</b> use Authenticated SMTP.<br>
1672 <p>The protocols ending in "S" (POP3S, IMAPS, and SMTPS) are
1673 SSL-encrypted. Although all of these protocols support the
1674 STARTTLS command, older client software sometimes requires connecting
1675 to "always encrypted" server ports. Usually when you are looking
1676 at a client program that gives you a choice of "SSL or TLS," the SSL
1677 option will connect to one of these dedicated ports, while the TLS
1678 option will connect to the unencrypted port and then issue a STARTTLS
1679 command to begin encryption. (It is worth noting that this is <span
1680 style="font-style: italic;">not</span> the proper use of the acronyms
1681 SSL and TLS, but that's how they're usually used in many client
1684 <p>All of the default port numbers, including the encrypted ones, are
1685 the standard ones.<br>
1687 <p>The question about correcting forged From: lines affects how Citadel
1688 behaves with authenticated SMTP clients. Citadel does not ever allow
1689 third-party SMTP relaying from unauthenticated clients -- any incoming
1691 addressed to a user on the system or somewhere in a Citadel network. To
1692 use Citadel with SMTP client software such as Netscape, Outlook,
1694 whatever, users must log in with a username and password. In order to
1696 message forgeries, Citadel discards the <tt>From:</tt> line in any
1698 entered by an authenticated user, and replaces it with a <tt>From:</tt>
1700 containing the user's genuine name and e-mail address. Technically,
1702 violates RFC822, because headers are never supposed to be altered, but
1704 sense dictates that this is a good idea. Nevertheless, if you want to
1706 this behavior, answer 'No' at the prompt (the default is 'Yes') and the
1708 will never be altered.<br>
1709 <span style="font-family: monospace;"><br>
1710 Connect this Citadel to an LDAP directory [No]: No</span><br>
1712 <p>The LDAP configuration options are discussed elsewhere in this
1715 <p>The final set of options configures system-wide defaults for the
1717 <pre>Default user purge time (days) [120]: <br>Default room purge time (days) [30]: <br>System default message expire policy (? for list) [0]: <br>Keep how many messages online? [150]:<br>Mailbox default message expire policy (? for list) [0]:<br>How often to run network jobs (in seconds) [1800]:<br>Enable full text search index (warning: resource intensive) [Yes]: Yes<br>Hour to run purges (0-23) [4]:<br></pre>
1718 <p>Any user who does not log in for the period specified in 'Default
1719 user purge time' will be deleted the next time a purge is run. This
1720 setting may be modified on a per-user basis.</p>
1721 <p>'Default room purge time' behaves the same way, and may also be
1722 modified on a per-room basis.</p>
1723 <p>'System default message expire policy' defines the way in which old
1724 messages are expired (purged) off the system. You can specify any of:</p>
1726 <li>Purge by age (specify in days) </li>
1727 <li>Purge by message count in the room (specify number of messages) </li>
1728 <li>Do not purge at all </li>
1730 <p>Again, this setting may be overridden on a per-floor basis, and the
1731 floor setting may be overridden on a per-room basis. You'll also notice
1732 that you can set a <i>different</i> default for mailbox rooms if you
1734 to. This can allow you, for example, to set a policy under which old
1735 messages scroll out of public rooms, but private mail stays online
1737 until deleted by the mailbox owners.<br>
1739 <p>"How often to run network jobs" refers to the sharing of content on
1741 Citadel network. If your system is on a Citadel network, this
1743 item dictates how often the Citadel server will contact other Citadel
1744 servers to send and receive messages. In reality, this will happen more
1745 frequently than you specify, because other Citadel servers will be
1746 contacting yours at regular intervals as well.<br>
1748 <p>"Hour to run purges" determines when expired and/or deleted objects
1749 are purged from the database. These purge operations are
1750 typically run overnight and automatically, sometime during whatever
1751 hour you specify. If your site is much busier at night than
1752 during the day, you may choose to have the auto-purger run during the
1754 <p>"Enable full text search index," if enabled, instructs the server to
1755 build and maintain a searchable index of all messages on the
1756 system. This is a time and resource intensive process -- it could
1757 take days to build the index if you enable it on a large
1758 database. It is also fairly memory intensive; we do not recommend
1759 that you enable the index unless your host system has at least 512 MB
1760 of memory. Once enabled, however, it will be updated
1762 and will not have any noticeable impact on the interactive response
1763 time of your system. The full text index is currently only
1764 searchable when using IMAP clients; other search facilities will be
1765 made available in the near future.<br>
1766 <span style="font-family: monospace;"></span></p>
1767 <p><span style="font-family: monospace;">Save this configuration? No</span><br>
1769 <p>When you're done, enter 'Yes' to confirm the changes, or 'No' to
1770 discard the changes.</p>
1772 <hr size="2" width="100%">
1773 <h2 align="center"><a name="Configuring_Citadel_for_Internet_e-mail"></a>Configuring
1774 Citadel for Internet e-mail</h2>
1775 <div align="justify">
1776 <h3><a name="Introduction"></a>Introduction</h3>
1777 As you know by now, Citadel is a completely self-contained,
1778 full-featured Internet e-mail system. When you run Citadel you do
1779 not need any other mail software on your host system. This
1780 eliminates the need for tedious mucking about with sendmail, qmail,
1781 postfix, Cyrus, the UW IMAP
1782 server, or any of countless other needlessly complex programs that lead
1783 some people to the false assumption that Unix systems are difficult to
1786 Some of the many features supported by Citadel are:<br>
1788 <li>Built-in SMTP and ESMTP service, for delivering and receiving
1789 e-mail on the Internet</li>
1790 <li>Built-in POP3 service, for remote fetching of messages</li>
1791 <li>Built-in IMAP service, for access to mail using any standard mail
1793 <li>Web mail (implemented using the "WebCit" middleware, which is
1794 installed separately)</li>
1795 <li>Support for mailing lists, in both "individual message" and
1796 "digest" formats</li>
1797 <li>Multiple/virtual domain support</li>
1798 <li>Any user may have multiple Internet e-mail addresses, in multiple
1800 <li>Global address book (Users with addresses in a domain may be
1801 spread out across many servers on a Citadel network)</li>
1802 <li>Easy-to-configure integration with <a
1803 href="http://www.spamassassin.org/">SpamAssassin</a> can block spam <i>before</i>
1804 it enters the mail system</li>
1805 <li>Easy-to-configure integration with most Realtime Blackhole
1806 Lists (RBL) provide further defense against spammers</li>
1808 This section of the documentation will demonstrate how to configure
1811 <h3><a name="Basic_site_configuration"></a>Basic site configuration</h3>
1812 <p>Basic configuration of your Citadel system for Internet e-mail
1814 the <tt><b>.A</b>ide <b>S</b>ystem configuration <b>I</b>nternet</tt>
1816 <pre>Lobby> <b>.A</b>ide <b>S</b>ystem configuration <b>I</b>nternet<br><br>### Host or domain Record type<br>--- -------------------------------------------------- --------------------<br> 1<br><A>dd <D>elete <S>ave <Q>uit -><br></pre>
1817 <p>This is a "clean" setup. For a simple, standalone e-mail system you
1818 simply have to enter the <tt><b>A</b>dd</tt> command:</p>
1819 <pre><A>dd <D>elete <S>ave <Q>uit -> <b>A</b>dd<br><br>Enter host name: schmeep.splorph.com<br> (1) localhost (Alias for this computer)<br> (2) gateway domain (Domain for all Citadel systems)<br> (3) smart-host (Forward all outbound mail to this host)<br> (4) directory (Consult the Global Address Book)<br> (5) SpamAssassin (Address of SpamAssassin server)<br> (6) RBL (domain suffix of spam hunting RBL)<br><br>Which one [1]:<br></pre>
1820 <p><b>localhost:</b> Basically what you're doing here is telling
1822 what any aliases for your machine are. If your machine were <tt>schmeep.splorph.com</tt>
1823 and you also had a DNS entry set up for <tt>blah.com</tt>, you might
1824 want to enter '1' and enter <tt>blah.com</tt> as your alias, so that
1826 sent to that address won't bounce.</p>
1827 <p><i>Important tip:</i> if your system is known by one name and <i>only</i>
1828 one domain, you might not even need to do this at all. You will recall
1829 that you entered your system's fully qualified domain name earlier when
1830 you went through the <tt><b>.A</b>ide <b>S</b>ystem configuration <b>G</b>eneral</tt>
1831 command. The domain name you entered there is automatically considered
1832 by Citadel to be a 'localhost' entry in your Internet mail
1833 configuration. It does not hurt to enter it in both locations, though.</p>
1834 <p><b>gateway domain:</b> this is a simple way of mapping various
1835 Citadel hosts in an Internet domain. For example, if you enter <tt>bar.com</tt>
1836 as a gateway domain, then mail to users at <tt>foo.bar.com</tt> will
1837 be forwarded to the host called <tt>foo</tt> on a Citadel network,
1839 at <tt>kunst.bar.com</tt> will be delivered to the Citadel server
1841 <tt>kunst</tt>, etc. This feature has limited usefulness; if you are
1843 a network of Citadel servers, it is more likely that you will use the
1845 feature, explained below.</p>
1846 <p><b>smart-host:</b> Normally, Citadel sends outbound Internet e-mail
1847 directly to its destination. This may not be appropriate for some
1848 sites; you may require (due to local convention, security policy, or
1849 whatever) that all outbound mail be sent to an SMTP relay or forwarder.
1851 functionality, simply enter the domain name or IP address of your relay
1852 as a 'smart-host' entry.</p>
1853 <p><b>directory:</b> a domain for which you are participating in
1854 directory services across any number of Citadel nodes. For example, if
1855 users who have addresses in the domain <tt>citadel.org</tt> are spread
1856 out across multiple Citadel servers on your network, then enter <tt>citadel.org</tt>
1857 as a 'directory' entry. <i>For this to work, all Citadel servers
1858 participating in directory service <b>must</b> carry and share the <tt>Global
1859 Address Book></tt> room.</i></p>
1860 <p><b>spamassassin:</b> if you are running a <a
1861 href="http://www.spamassassin.org">SpamAssassin</a> service anywhere
1863 <b>local</b> network, enter its name or IP address as a 'spamassassin'
1864 entry. This may be (and, in fact, will usually be) <tt>127.0.0.1</tt>
1866 that the service is running on the same host computer as the Citadel
1868 <p>Please install SpamAssassin as per its own documentation. You will
1869 want to run SpamAssassin in client/server mode, where a <tt>spamd</tt>
1870 daemon is always running on your computer. Citadel does not utilize the
1871 <tt>spamc</tt> client; instead, it implements SpamAssassin's protocol
1873 <p>Connecting to a SpamAssassin service across a wide area network is
1874 strongly discouraged. In order to determine whether an incoming e-mail
1875 is spam, Citadel must feed the <i>entire message</i> to the
1876 SpamAssassin service. Doing this over a wide area network would consume
1878 which would affect performance.</p>
1879 <p>Citadel invokes the SpamAssassin service when incoming messages are
1880 arriving via SMTP. Before a message is accepted, it is submitted to
1881 SpamAssassin. If SpamAssassin determines that the message is spam, the
1883 service <i>rejects the message,</i> causing a delivery failure on the
1885 host. This is superior to software which files away spam in a separate
1886 folder, because delivery failures will cause some spammers to assume
1888 address is invalid and remove it from their mailing lists.</p>
1889 <p><b>RBL:</b> Realtime Blackhole Lists (RBL's) provide defense against
1890 spammers based on their source IP address. There are many such lists
1891 available on the Internet, some of which may be utilized free of
1892 charge. Since they are DNS based, the lists do not require storage on
1893 your server -- they are queried during the SMTP conversation.</p>
1894 <p>Citadel can utilize any RBL that uses the <tt>z.y.x.w.nameoflist.org</tt>
1895 syntax, where <tt>w.x.y.z</tt> is the source IP address which is
1896 attempting to deliver mail to your server. For example, <a
1897 href="http://www.spamcop.net">SpamCop</a> would use the query <tt>2.0.0.127.bl.spamcop.net</tt>
1898 to determine whether the host at <tt>127.0.0.2</tt> is a known spammer
1899 or open relay. In this case, you simply select option '6' to add an RBL
1900 entry, and provide it with the domain suffix of <tt>bl.spamcop.net</tt>
1902 and extra dot will be automatically prepended for each query).</p>
1903 <p>Now select <tt><b>S</b>ave</tt> and you are just about ready for
1904 Internet e-mail.</p>
1905 <h3><a name="Enabling_the_Internet_mail_protocols"></a>Enabling the
1906 Internet mail protocols</h3>
1907 <p>As previously mentioned, Citadel contains its own SMTP, POP3, and
1908 IMAP services. Enabling them is simple.</p>
1909 <p>Check for the existance of a current MTA (sendmail, qmail, etc.) by
1910 connecting to port 25 on your host. If you see something similar to the
1912 you're running an MTA already and you'll need to shut it down:</p>
1913 <pre>smw @ pixel % telnet localhost 25<br>Trying 127.0.0.1...<br>Connected to localhost.<br>Escape character is '^]'.<br>220 pixel.citadel.org ESMTP Sendmail 8.9.3/8.9.3; Wed, 15 Mar 2000 19:00:53 -0500<br></pre>
1914 <p>In the above example, we see that the host already has Sendmail
1915 listening on port 25. Before Citadel can use port 25, Sendmail must be
1916 shut off. Please consult the documentation for your operating system
1917 for instructions on how to do this. (On a Red Hat Linux system, for
1918 example, you can run the <tt>ntsysv</tt> utility, un-checking <tt>sendmail</tt>
1920 the next reboot; then, run <tt>service sendmail stop</tt> to shut off
1922 currently running service.)</p>
1923 <p>If you get a 'connection refused' message when you telnet to port 25
1924 there's nothing running and you should be able to continue. You might
1925 also want to turn off POP (try the above test substituting 110 for 25)
1926 and IMAP (port 143) and use Citadel's POP and IMAP services.</p>
1927 <p>Citadel will look for an existing pop/smtp server on startup. If
1929 don't exist (and you've configured them properly) then Citadel should
1931 them at startup. You can check your logs to be sure, or you can start
1933 server from a shell and watch it load. It might look something like
1935 <font size="-2"> </font>
1936 <pre><font size="-2">smw @ pixel % ./citserver<br><br>Multithreaded message server for Citadel<br>Copyright (C) 1987-2003 by the Citadel development team.<br>Citadel is open source, covered by the GNU General Public License, and<br>you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain<br>conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for this software. Please<br>read the 'COPYING.txt' file for details.<br><br>Loading citadel.config<br>Opening databases<br>This is GDBM version 1.8.0, as of May 19, 1999.<br>Checking floor reference counts<br>Creating base rooms (if necessary)<br>Registered a new service (TCP port 504)<br>Registered a new service (TCP port 0)<br>Initializing loadable modules<br>Registered server command CHAT (Begin real-time chat)<br>Registered server command PEXP (Poll for instant messages)<br>Registered server command GEXP (Get instant messages)<br>Registered server command SEXP (Send an instant message)<br>Registered server command DEXP (Disable instant messages)<br>Registered a new session function (type 0)<br>Registered a new x-msg function (priority 0)<br>Loaded module: $Id$<br>Registered a new session function (type 1)<br>Registered a new message function (type 201)<br>Registered a new message function (type 202)<br>Registered server command REGI (Enter registration info)<br>Registered server command GREG (Get registration info)<br>Registered a new user function (type 100)<br>Loaded module: $Id$<br>Server-hosted upgrade level is 5.62<br>Loaded module: $Id$<br>Registered server command EXPI (Expire old system objects)<br>Registered server command FSCK (Check message ref counts)<br>Loaded module: $Id$<br><b>citserver: Can't bind: Address already in use<br>ERROR: could not bind to TCP port 25.</b><br>Registered a new service (TCP port 0)<br>Registered a new session function (type 50)<br>Loaded module: $Id$<br><b>citserver: Can't bind: Address already in use<br>ERROR: could not bind to TCP port 110.</b><br>Registered a new session function (type 0)<br>Loaded module: $Id$<br>Registered a new message function (type 202)Loaded module: $Id$<br>Registered server command RWHO (Display who is online)<br>Registered server command HCHG (Masquerade hostname)<br>Registered server command RCHG (Masquerade roomname)<br>Registered server command UCHG (Masquerade username)<br>Registered server command STEL (Enter/exit stealth mode)<br>Loaded module: $Id$<br>Changing uid to 513<br>Starting housekeeper thread<br></font></pre>
1937 <p>The lines emphasized in boldface in the above log output tell you
1938 that Citadel "can't bind" to various ports. The error 'address already
1939 in use' generally means that something else is already running on the
1940 requested port. Make SURE you've followed the above steps to remove
1941 sendmail/pop and start your Citadel server again.</p>
1942 <h3><a name="citmail"></a>Using Citadel in conjunction with another MTA</h3>
1943 <p>Occationally it is not practical to remove a non-Citadel MTA on your
1944 host system. For example, you might have multiple groups of users, some
1946 which are using Citadel and some of which are using a legacy Unix mail
1947 spool. This type of configuration is discouraged, but two tools are
1950 <p>The tool is called <tt>citmail</tt> and it is, quite simply, a
1951 local MDA (Mail Delivery Agent) which you can configure into your MTA
1952 for final delivery of incoming messages to Citadel users. A full
1953 discussion of the finer points of complex Sendmail configurations is
1954 beyond the scope of this document; however, you might want to visit <a
1955 href="http://pixel.citadel.org/citadel/docs/">Pixel BBS</a> where some
1956 useful HOWTO documents are provided.<br>
1958 <p>The other tool is an <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2033.html">RFC2033</a>
1959 compliant LMTP service running on a local socket. If you're
1960 running a mailer that speaks LMTP (such as <a
1961 href="http://www.postfix.org/">Postfix</a>), you can simply point your
1962 mailer at the socket called <span style="font-family: monospace;">citadel.socket</span>
1963 in your Citadel directory. For example, in Postfix you might put
1964 the following line into <span style="font-family: monospace;">main.cf</span>
1965 in order to tell it to use Citadel to deliver mail to local recipients:<br>
1967 <pre>local_transport = lmtp:unix:/usr/local/citadel/lmtp.socket<br></pre>
1968 <p>Postfix also has something called a "fallback transport" which can
1969 be used to implement Citadel as a "secondary" mail system on your
1970 server, while keeping the existing Unix mailboxes intact.
1971 However, it is beyond the scope of this document to detail the finer
1972 points of the configuration of Postfix or any other mailer, so refer to
1973 the documentation to those programs and keep in mind that Citadel has
1974 LMTP support.<span style="font-family: monospace;"></span></p>
1975 <p>There are actually <i>two</i> LMTP sockets. One is called
1976 <tt>lmtp.socket</tt> and the other is called <tt>lmtp-unfiltered.socket</tt>
1977 (both are found in your Citadel directory). The difference should be
1978 obvious: messages submitted via <tt>lmtp.socket</tt> are subject to
1980 spam filtering you may have configured (such as SpamAssassin), while
1982 submitted via <tt>lmtp-unfiltered.socket</tt> will bypass the filters.
1984 would use the filtered socket when receiving mail from an external MTA
1986 as Postfix, but you might want to use the unfiltered socket with
1988 such as fetchmail.</p>
1990 <p>For outbound mail, you
1991 can either allow Citadel to perform
1993 (this won't affect your other mail system because outbound mail doesn't
1995 up port 25) or enter <tt>127.0.0.1</tt> as your smart-host, which will
1997 Citadel to forward all of its outbound mail to your other mail system.</p>
1998 <h3><a name="Hosting_an_Internet_mailing_list"></a>Hosting an Internet
2000 <p>Citadel has built in mailing list service (known in the 'net
2001 vernacular as "listserv") functionality. You can turn any room
2002 into a mailing list. Users can then choose how they participate
2003 -- by logging on to your Citadel server directly, or by having the
2004 room's contents mailed to
2005 them somewhere else. Configuring this is easy.</p>
2006 <p>Citadel supports two modes of mailing list delivery: </p>
2008 <li>"List mode" -- each individual message is delivered as a single
2009 e-mail to each list mode recipient. The "From:" header will
2010 display the address of the message's original author.</li>
2011 <li>"Digest mode" -- groups of one or more messages are delivered
2012 to digest mode recipients. The number of messages in the group
2013 depends on how many new messages arrived since the last batch was
2014 delivered. The "From:" header will display the address of the
2015 room itself, which allows replies to be posted back to the room.</li>
2017 A room may have any combination of list mode and digest mode
2019 <p>As alluded to above, every room on your Citadel system has an
2020 Internet e-mail address of its own. Messages sent to that address
2022 posted in the room (and sent back out to mailing list recipients, as
2024 as to any other Citadels you share the room with). The address
2026 is <tt>room_</tt> plus the name of the room, with any spaces replaced
2028 underscores, followed by <tt>@</tt> and your hostname. For example, if
2030 system is known as <tt>phlargmalb.orc.org</tt> on the Internet, and
2032 a room called <tt>Bubblegum Collectors</tt>, you can post to that room
2034 anywhere on the Internet simply by sending an e-mail to <tt>room_bubblegum_collectors@phlargmalb.orc.org</tt>.
2035 When the message arrives, it's automatically posted in that room.</p>
2036 <p>To manually edit the list of "list mode" recipients, simply enter
2037 the <tt><b>.A</b>ide
2038 mailing <b>L</b>ist management</tt> command. Your text editor will
2040 up and you will be able to create or edit a list of recipients, one per
2041 line. Lines beginning with a hash (<tt>#</tt>) are comments.</p>
2042 <p>To manually edit the list of "digest mode" recipients, enter the <tt><b>.A</b>ide
2043 mailing list <b>D</b>igest recipients</tt> command. As with the
2044 previous command, the text editor will open up and you can edit the
2045 list of digest mode recipients, one per line.</p>
2046 <p>Citadel also has a facility which allows users to subscribe or
2047 unsubscribe to mailing lists using a web browser. In order to do this,
2048 WebCit must also be running on your server in addition to Citadel.
2049 WebCit is obtained and installed separately from the rest of the
2051 <p>In order to prevent "just anyone" from subscribing to any room on
2052 your system, there is a setting in the <tt><b>.A</b>ide <b>E</b>dit
2053 room</tt> command:</p>
2054 <pre>CitaNews} . Aide Edit this room<br>
2055 Room name [CitaNews]:<br>
2057 <i>(lots of other stuff omitted for brevity...)</i><br>
2059 Self-service list subscribe/unsubscribe [No]: Yes<br></pre>
2060 <p>When you answer "Yes" to self-service list subscribe/unsubscribe,
2062 enabling that feature. Now, all you have to do is tell the world about
2064 web page they need to visit. It looks like this:</p>
2065 <center><tt>http://foobar.baz.org:2000/listsub</tt></center>
2066 <p>In this example, the server is called <tt>foobar.baz.org</tt> and
2067 WebCit is running on port 2000. Edit appropriately.</p>
2068 <p>Citadel offers a subscribe/unsubscribe facility that is more
2069 intuitive than other listservs. With most systems, sending commands to
2070 the listserv requires that you e-mail it commands in a special format.
2071 It's easy to get it wrong. Citadel simply uses your web browser. You
2072 select the list you want to subscribe or unsubscribe (hint: it's the
2073 list of rooms you've enabled self-service for), select whether you want
2074 list mode or digest mode, and enter your e-mail address. For security
2075 purposes, a confirmation message is sent to the address you enter. But
2076 you don't have to reply to the message in a weird format, either: the
2077 confirmation contains another URL which
2078 you simply click on (or paste into your browser if you can't click on
2080 in your e-mail software) and the confirmation is automatically
2082 <hr size="2" width="100%">
2084 <h2><a name="Building_or_joining_a_Citadel_network"></a>Building or
2085 joining a Citadel network</h2>
2087 <h3><a name="Overview__"></a>Overview</h3>
2088 <p>If you are running Citadel as a BBS or other forum type of
2089 application, one way to 'keep the conversation going' is to share rooms
2090 with other Citadel systems. In a shared room, a message posted to the
2091 room is automatically
2092 propagated to every system on the network. It's kind of like a UseNet
2094 but without the spam.</p>
2095 <p>If you are using Citadel as the e-mail and groupware platform for a
2096 large organization, you can use its networking features to build a
2097 large network of Citadel servers which share content (think of rooms as
2098 public folders), redistribute e-mail throughout the organization, and
2099 integrate the global address book. It might make sense, for
2100 example, in a large corporation to give each department or location its
2101 own Citadel server. Thanks
2102 to Citadel's global address book features, you could still have all of
2104 users share a single e-mail domain.</p>
2105 <p>Obviously, the first thing you have to do is find another Citadel to
2106 share rooms with, and make arrangements with them. The following
2107 Citadels are a good place to start:</p>
2109 <li>UNCENSORED! - <a href="http://uncensored.citadel.org">uncensored.citadel.org</a>
2111 <li>The Dog Pound II - <a href="http://dogpound2.citadel.org">dogpound2.citadel.org</a>
2113 <li>PixelBBS - <a href="http://pixel.citadel.org">pixel.citadel.org</a>
2116 <p>You don't have to be a part of the citadel.org domain to participate
2117 in the public Citadel network, but the DNS service is provided free of
2118 charge by the Citadel community if you wish to do this.</p>
2119 <h3><a name="Conventions_and_etiquette_when"></a>Conventions and
2120 etiquette when connecting to the public Citadel network</h3>
2121 <p>Before we get into the technical nitty gritty, there are two points
2122 of etiquette to keep in mind. The first thing to keep in mind is that
2123 the operator of any particular Citadel may not be willing to share some
2124 of his/her rooms. Some sites are proud to offer exclusive content in
2125 certain areas. Chances are, if a room is already being shared on the
2126 network, it's available for anyone to share; if not, it can't hurt to
2127 ask -- but take care not to demand it of them. Ask if you may share the
2128 room instead of telling them that you wish to share the room. When
2129 looking at a <tt><b>K</b></tt>nown rooms list, network rooms are the
2130 ones ending in parentheses instead of angle brackets. For example, <tt>Gateway)</tt>
2131 would be a network room, <tt>Lobby></tt> would not.</p>
2132 <p>The other point of etiquette to remember is that you should be
2134 the arrangements in advance, and then set it up. It is extremely rude
2136 simply begin networking with another Citadel, or unilaterally start
2138 a new room, without first obtaining permission from its operator.
2140 ask first. Most Citadel operators are more than happy to network with
2141 you. Also, if later on you decide to take your system down, please take
2143 to notify the operators of any other Citadels you network with, so they
2145 unconfigure their end.</p>
2146 <h3><a name="Getting_ready_to_join_the_network"></a>Getting ready to
2147 join the network</h3>
2148 <p>Ok, first things first. On a Citadel room sharing network, the first
2149 thing you need to know is your own system's node name. Presumably you
2151 this up during installation, but if you want to change it you can do so
2153 the <tt><b>.A</b>ide <b>S</b>ysconfig <b>G</b>eneral</tt> command:</p>
2154 <pre>Lobby> . Aide System configuration General<br>Node name [uncnsrd]:<br>Fully qualified domain name [uncensored.citadel.org]:<br>Human readable node name [Uncensored]:<br></pre>
2155 <p>The "node name" is important, it's how the network identifies
2156 messages coming from your system. The "human readable node name" is
2157 simply a label; it shows up in messages coming from your system. "Fully
2158 qualified domain name" is your DNS name; it's used for routing messages
2159 on the Internet. In the above example, the node name is "uncnsrd".</p>
2160 <h3><a name="Defining_neighbor_nodes"></a>Defining neighbor nodes</h3>
2161 <p>The next thing you need to do is configure your neighbor node(s).
2162 You need to do this for each node you network with. Let's say you
2164 to talk to a Citadel system called "frobozz". Use the <tt><b>.A</b>ide
2165 <b>S</b>ysconfig <b>N</b>etwork</tt> command:</p>
2166 <pre>Lobby> . Aide System configuration Network<br>### Node Secret Host or IP Port#<br>--- ---------------- ---------------- -------------------------------- -----<br><A>dd <D>elete <S>ave <Q>uit -> Add<br><br>Enter node name : frobozz<br>Enter shared secret: frotz<br>Enter host or IP : frobozz.magick.org<br>Enter port number : [504]: 504<br><br>### Node Secret Host or IP Port#<br>--- ---------------- ---------------- -------------------------------- -----<br> 1 frobozz frotz frobozz.magick.org 504<br><A>dd <D>elete <S>ave <Q>uit -> Save<br><br>Lobby><br></pre>
2167 <p>As you can see in the above example, you have to enter the Citadel
2168 node name, the DNS name or IP address of the server, and the port
2169 number the Citadel service is running on. The "shared secret" is a
2170 password to allow the two Citadel nodes to connect to each other to
2171 exchange network data. The password must be <i>identical</i> on both
2172 ends of the connection -- when the operator of the other Citadel node
2173 sets up the connection with
2174 your system, he/she must use the same password.</p>
2175 <h3><a name="Sharing_rooms"></a>Sharing rooms</h3>
2176 <p>Now you're ready to share rooms. You have to do this for each room
2177 you want to share, and you have to do it from BOTH ENDS -- again, when
2179 share a room with another Citadel, they must share it with you as well.
2180 Let's say you have a room called "Quiche Recipes>" and you want to
2182 it with the node you set up above. First, edit the room and flag it as
2185 <pre>Quiche Recipes> . Aide Edit this room<br>Room name [Quiche Recipes]:<br>Private room [No]: No<br>Preferred users only [No]: No<br>Read-only room [No]: No<br>Directory room [No]: No<br>Permanent room [No]: No<br>Network shared room [No]: Yes<br>Automatically make all messages anonymous [No]: No<br>Ask users whether to make messages anonymous [No]: No<br>Listing order [64]:<br>Room aide (or 'none') [none]:<br>Message expire policy (? for list) [0]:<br>Save changes (y/n)? Yes<br>Ok<br><br>Quiche Recipes)<br></pre>
2186 <p>Notice how the prompt changed? It was > before, but it's ) now.
2187 That means it's a network room. Now you can tell Citadel that you want
2189 share the room with frobozz. Enter this command:</p>
2190 <pre>Quiche Recipes) . Aide Network room sharing<br></pre>
2191 <p>Your text editor will pop up (you <i>did</i> configure Citadel to
2193 your favorite text editor, right?) with a screen that looks like this:</p>
2194 <pre># Configuration for room: Quiche Recipes<br># Nodes with which we share this room<br># Specify one per line.<br></pre>
2195 <p>All you have to do is enter the name of the other Citadel node (i.e.
2196 "frobozz" in our example) on a line by itself. As usual, lines starting
2198 "#" are comments. Just go to the end of the file, type "frobozz"
2200 the quotes), save the file... and you're done!</p>
2201 <p>At this point, you just sit back and enjoy. Your Citadel and the
2202 other one will begin polling each other at regular intervals (once per
2204 by default) and sharing messages.</p>
2205 <h3><a name="Sending_mail"></a>Sending mail</h3>
2206 <p>You can send mail to any user on any node of your Citadel network.
2207 It may take a little while for your system to learn the entire node
2208 list, though, as this is done by watching incoming messages on the
2209 network and learning which nodes are out there.</p>
2210 <p>To send a private message, just enter <tt>user @ host</tt> as the
2212 <pre>Mail> Enter message <br>Enter recipient: Some other user @ frobozz<br> Feb 11 2003 11:36pm from I. M. Me to Some other user @ frobozz<br>type message here...<br><br>Entry command (? for options) -><br><br></pre>
2213 <h3><a name="Changing_the_polling_interval"></a>Changing the polling
2215 <p>As previously mentioned, Citadel will poll other Citadel nodes for
2216 messages once per hour. If this is not an acceptable interval, you can
2217 change it using the <tt><b>.A</b>ide <b>S</b>ystem configuration <b>G</b>eneral</tt>
2218 command. Enter this command and look for the option:</p>
2219 <pre>How often to run network jobs (in seconds) [3600]:<br></pre>
2220 <p>Change it to whatever you like. For example, 15 minutes is 900
2221 seconds. So if you changed the default value to 900, network polling
2222 would occur every 15 minutes.</p>
2224 <h2 align="center"><a name="Database_maintenance"></a>Database
2226 <h3><a name="Introduction_"></a>Introduction</h3>
2227 The data store used by Citadel is reliable and self-maintaining.
2228 It requires very little maintenance. This is primarily due
2229 to its use of the <a href="http://www.sleepycat.com">Berkeley DB</a>
2230 record manager. It is robust, high-performance, and transactional.<br>
2232 A few small data files are kept in your main Citadel directory, but the
2233 databases are in the <tt>data/</tt> subdirectory. The files with
2234 names that begin with "cdb" are the databases themselves; the files
2235 with names that begin with "log" are the logs (sometimes referred to as
2236 "journals"). Log files will continue to appear as you use your
2237 system; each will grow to approximately 10 megabytes in size before a
2238 new one is started. There is a system configuration setting
2239 (found in <span style="font-family: monospace;"><span
2240 style="font-weight: bold;">.A</span>ide <span
2241 style="font-weight: bold;">S</span>ystem-configuration <span
2242 style="font-weight: bold;">G</span>eneral</span> in the text mode
2243 client, or in <span style="font-family: monospace;">Administration
2244 --> Edit site-wide configuration --> Tuning</span> in the WebCit
2245 client) which specifies "Automatically delete committed database
2246 logs." If you have this option enabled, Citadel will
2247 automatically delete any log files whose contents have been fully
2248 committed to the database files.<br>
2250 For more insight into how the database and log files work, you may wish
2252 href="http://www.sleepycat.com/docs/ref/transapp/archival.html">Berkeley
2253 DB documentation</a> on this subject.<br>
2255 <h3><a name="Backing_up_your_Citadel_database"></a>Backing up your
2256 Citadel database</h3>
2257 <span style="font-weight: bold;">Please read this section carefully.</span><br>
2259 There are two backup strategies you can use, depending on your site's
2260 availability requirements and disk space availability.<br>
2261 <h5>Strategy #1: Standard backup</h5>
2262 The standard (or "offline") backup is used when your Citadel server is
2263 configured to automatically delete committed database logs. The
2264 backup procedure is as follows:<br>
2266 <li>Shut down the Citadel server.</li>
2267 <li>Back up all files (database files, log files, etc.) to tape or
2268 some other backup media.</li>
2269 <li>Start the Citadel server.</li>
2271 <span style="font-style: italic;">Advantage:</span> very little disk
2272 space is consumed by the logs.<br>
2273 <span style="font-style: italic;">Disadvantage:</span> Citadel is not
2274 available during backups.<br>
2276 <h5>Strategy #2: "Hot" backup</h5>
2277 The "hot backup" procedure is used when your Citadel server is
2278 configured <span style="font-weight: bold;">not</span> to
2279 automatically delete committed database logs. The backup
2280 procedure is as follows:<br>
2282 <li>Back up all files. Make sure the database files (<span
2283 style="font-family: monospace;">cdb.*</span>) are backed up <span
2284 style="font-style: italic;">before</span> the log files (<span
2285 style="font-family: monospace;">log.*</span>). This will usually
2286 be the case, because the database files tend to appear first in both
2287 alphabetical and on-disk ordering of the <span
2288 style="font-family: monospace;">data/</span> directory.</li>
2289 <li>After verifying that your backup completed successfully, delete
2290 the committed log files with a command like this:</li>
2292 <span style="font-family: monospace;">/usr/local/citadel/sendcommand
2295 <span style="font-style: italic;">Advantage:</span> Citadel continues
2296 to run normally during backups.<span style="font-style: italic;"><br>
2297 Disadvantage:</span> Much disk space is consumed by the log files,
2298 particularly if the full text indexer is turned on.<br>
2301 It is up to you to decide which backup strategy to use. <span
2302 style="font-weight: bold;">Warning: if you configure Citadel to
2303 automatically delete committed database logs, and do not shut the
2304 Citadel service down during backups, there is no guarantee that your
2305 backups will be usable!</span><br>
2307 <h3><a name="Database_repair"></a>Database repair</h3>
2308 Although Citadel's data store is quite reliable, database corruption
2309 can occur in rare instances. External factors such as an
2311 system crash or an unexpected loss of power might leave the database in
2312 an unknown state. A utility is provided which may be able to
2314 your database if this occurs. If you find that your Citadel
2316 is not running, and reading the logs shows that it is crashing because
2318 an inability to validate a database, follow these steps:<br>
2320 <li>Edit <tt>/etc/inittab</tt> and switch the Citadel service from
2321 "respawn" to "off." Type <tt>init q</tt> to make this setting
2323 <li><b>Make a backup of your data.</b> Either write it out to
2324 tape or copy it to another directory, or a tarball.<br>
2326 <li><tt>cd</tt> to your Citadel directory and type <tt>./database_cleanup.sh</tt></li>
2327 <li>Let the cleanup script run. <b>Do not interrupt this
2328 process for any reason.</b><br>
2330 <li>Edit <tt>/etc/inittab</tt> and switch the Citadel service from
2331 "off" to "respawn". Type <tt>init q</tt> to activate your
2334 If this procedure does not work, you must restore from your most recent
2337 <h3><a name="ImportingExporting_your_Citadel"></a>Importing/Exporting
2338 your Citadel database<br>
2340 <p>Citadel contains an importer/exporter module, affectionately
2341 known as the "Art Vandelay" module (a not-so-obscure Seinfeld
2343 allows you to export the entire contents of your Citadel databases to a
2344 flat file, which may then be imported on another system. (This
2346 is also known as "dump and load" to database gurus.)</p>
2347 <p>Why would you want to do this? Here are some scenarios: </p>
2349 <li>You are moving a Citadel installation to another computer, which
2350 uses a different CPU. Since Citadel stores data in an
2351 architecture-dependent format, the data files wouldn't work on the new
2352 computer as-is. </li>
2353 <li>Your computer crashed, lost power, etc. and you suspect that your
2354 databases have become corrupted. </li>
2355 <li>You want to switch to a different back-end data store. (For
2356 example, from GDBM to Berkeley DB) </li>
2358 <p>So ... how do we work this magic? Follow these steps <i>exactly</i>
2359 as documented and you should be able to do it all with very little
2362 <li>This should be obvious, but it's still worth mentioning: <b>Make
2363 sure you have a backup of everything before you start this! </b>
2364 You're performing a major operation here. Don't risk it. </li>
2365 <li>First, get all the users logged off from your system. Disconnect
2366 it from the network if possible. You don't want anyone logging in while
2367 you're doing this. </li>
2368 <li>Log on as root, or some other user that has read/write access to
2369 all relevant files. </li>
2370 <li>Go to the directory that Citadel is installed in. For example,
2371 issue a command like <tt>cd /usr/local/citadel</tt> </li>
2372 <li>Export the databases with the following command:<br>
2374 <tt>./sendcommand "ARTV export" >exported.dat</tt><br>
2376 This command may run for a while. On a very large system it could take
2377 an hour or more. Please be patient! </li>
2378 <li>When the export completes, check to make sure that <tt>exported.dat</tt>
2379 exists and has some data in it. (Type "ls -l exported.dat") </li>
2380 <li>Shut down the Citadel server. If you have a line in <tt>/etc/inittab</tt>
2381 that reads like this:<br>
2383 <tt>c1:2345:respawn:/usr/local/citadel/citserver
2384 -h/usr/local/citadel</tt> <br>
2385 ...then you should change the <tt>respawn</tt> to <tt>off</tt> and
2386 then type <tt>/sbin/init q</tt> to make the changes take effect. </li>
2387 <li>Now it's time to delete your current binary databases. Type:<br>
2389 <tt>rm -f citadel.config citadel.control data/*</tt> </li>
2390 <li>If you're moving Citadel to another computer, you should move the
2391 <i>entire</i> directory over at this time. <tt>exported.dat</tt>
2392 only contains the information that was in the binary databases.
2393 Information which was stored in portable formats doesn't need to be
2394 exported/imported, so
2395 you must bring it all over in its current form. </li>
2396 <li>Now get Citadel running on the new computer (or whatever). Run <tt>setup</tt>
2397 and turn the service back on (from <tt>/etc/inittab</tt>) but DO NOT
2399 <li>As root, run the import command:<br>
2401 <tt>./sendcommand "ARTV import" <exported.dat</tt><br>
2403 This will import your databases. Again, it may run for a long time. </li>
2404 <li>Restart the Citadel server. You can do this any way you like.
2405 From the command line, you can do it with a command like:<br>
2407 <tt>./sendcommand "DOWN"</tt> <br>
2409 <li>Now you're finished. Log in and test everything. You may delete
2410 exported.dat at this time, or you might want to save it somewhere as a
2411 sort of pseudo-backup. </li>
2415 <h2><a name="crypto"></a>Cryptography support (TLS/SSL)</h2>
2417 <h3><a name="crypto_intro"></a>Overview</h3>
2418 <p>Citadel provides built-in support for encryption using Transport
2419 Layer Security (TLS) for ESMTP, IMAP, POP3, and the Citadel client
2421 A simple cryptographic configuration is installed automatically when
2423 bring the system online. The remainder of this section describes how
2425 configuration is built, and what you can do to make changes to it.</p>
2426 <p>Encryption files are kept in the <tt>keys/</tt> directory. The
2428 files used by Citadel are:</p>
2430 <li><tt>citadel.key</tt> - Contains your system's RSA private key.
2432 generates a new key automatically if one is not found. </li>
2433 <li><tt>citadel.csr</tt> - Contains a Certificate Signing Request
2435 for your system. Citadel generates a new CSR automatically, using your
2436 private key, if one is not found. </li>
2437 <li><tt>citadel.cer</tt> - Contains the public certificate for your
2438 system. The public key in the certificate <b>must</b> correspond with
2440 private key in <tt>citadel.key</tt>, otherwise encryption will not
2441 function properly. Citadel will generate a self-signed certificate,
2443 using your private key, if a certificate is not found. </li>
2445 <h3><a name="real_cert"></a>Generating and installing a Trusted
2447 <p>If you wish to interact with 3rd party clients
2448 that have hard coded lists of acceptable Certificate Authorities, and
2450 do not want annoying dialog boxes popping up for the user on the first
2452 all) connections, then you will have to have your key signed by a valid
2453 Certificate Authority.</p>
2454 <p>It is beyond the scope of this document to provide a complete
2456 on SSL certificates. Here are the general rules to follow:</p>
2458 <li>Generally, the Certificate Signing Requeste which is
2460 generated by Citadel will not contain enough information for any
2462 Authority to sign it. Generate a new CSR with the following commands:<br>
2464 <tt>cd keys</tt><br>
2465 <tt>openssl req -new -key citadel.key -out citadel.csr</tt><br>
2467 Answer all questions (your geographic location, organization name,
2469 and then send the new <tt>citadel.csr</tt> to your Certificate
2471 when you order the certificate. </li>
2472 <li>When the certificate is received, simply save it as <tt>citadel.cer</tt>
2473 and restart the Citadel server. </li>
2474 <li>If your certificate authority delivers a 'chained' certificate
2476 with intermediate certificate authorities), simply append the
2478 certificate after your server's own certificate in the <tt>citadel.cer</tt>
2482 <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">
2483 <div style="text-align: center;">
2484 <h2><a name="LDAP_Directory_Support"></a>LDAP (Directory) Support</h2>
2485 <div style="text-align: justify;">
2486 <h3><a name="Introduction_ldap"></a>Introduction</h3>
2487 LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) has become the open
2488 standard protocol for directory access. There are many client
2489 programs which are capable of making use of an LDAP directory
2490 service. Therefore it may be beneficial for some sites to have a
2491 directory available which is populated with Citadel user information.<br>
2493 Citadel does not contain its own LDAP service, because that would
2494 eliminate its ability to coexist with any existing directory you may
2495 already have in place at your organization. Instead, we provide
2496 the LDAP Connector for Citadel, which allows the Citadel service to
2497 populate an external LDAP directory. If you do not already have
2498 an LDAP directory in place, you can use the OpenLDAP server, which is
2499 probably already present in your operating system, or at least can be
2500 loaded from the installation CD's. The supplied configuration
2501 file <tt>citadel-slapd.conf</tt> can be used as a starting
2502 point to get your LDAP server running.<br>
2504 <h3><a name="Preparing_your_LDAP_server_for_Citadel"></a>Preparing your
2505 LDAP server for Citadel connections</h3>
2506 It is difficult to find a commonly accepted LDAP scheme. It seems, most
2507 real life LDAP installations go for the domain oriented apporach
2508 and lay out the structure after an existing domain/subdomain structure.
2509 <p> The most widely accepted and standardized object for storing
2511 clearly is "inetOrgPerson". Citadel therefore attempts to follow
2512 this type of schema.<br>
2514 <p>If you are using OpenLDAP as your directory server, you should
2515 choose options similar to the following:<br>
2517 <pre>database ldbm<br>schemacheck off<br>allow bind_v2<br>suffix "dc=servername,dc=domain,dc=org"<br>rootdn "cn=manager,dc=servername,dc=domain,dc=org"<br>rootpw secret<br></pre>
2519 <li>Obviously, you can make your suffix and rootdn whatever you wish,
2520 but in most cases you'd simply follow a DC path that looks similar to
2521 your DNS domain.</li>
2522 <li>If you don't want LDBM, feel free to choose any backend available
2523 on your system.</li>
2524 <li><span style="font-family: monospace;">bind_v2</span> is <span
2525 style="font-style: italic;">required</span> because Citadel will make
2526 v2 protocol connections.</li>
2527 <li><span style="font-family: monospace;">schemacheck off</span> is <span
2528 style="font-style: italic;">recommended</span> because Citadel uses
2529 fields that do not necessarily exist in your system's default
2530 schema. If you don't like that idea, your other option is to
2531 reference the included <span style="font-family: monospace;">citadel-openldap.schema</span>
2532 in your configuration.</li>
2533 <li>Your <span style="font-family: monospace;">rootdn</span> and <span
2534 style="font-family: monospace;">rootpw</span> can be whatever you
2535 want. Usually the rootdn is <span style="font-family: monospace;">cn=manager,</span>
2536 followed by your usual suffix. Please don't use <span
2537 style="font-family: monospace;">secret</span> as your password, as in
2538 this example. Select a new password for your site.</li>
2541 Your LDAP service <span style="font-weight: bold;">must</span> be up
2542 and running before you attempt to connect Citadel to it.<br>
2544 <h3><a name="Configuring_the_LDAP_Connector_for"></a>Configuring the
2545 LDAP Connector for Citadel</h3>
2546 Once you've located or installed your LDAP server, connecting Citadel
2547 to it is easily completed with the <span style="font-weight: bold;"><span
2548 style="font-family: monospace;">.A</span></span><span
2549 style="font-family: monospace;">ide <span style="font-weight: bold;">S</span>ystem-configuration
2550 <span style="font-weight: bold;">G</span>eneral command:<br>
2552 <pre>Lobby> . Aide System configuration General<br><br><span
2553 style="font-style: italic;">(lots of other stuff omitted for brevity...)</span><br><br>Connect this Citadel to an LDAP directory [Yes]: <span
2554 style="font-weight: bold;">Yes</span><br>Host name of LDAP server []: <span
2555 style="font-weight: bold;">127.0.0.1</span><br>Port number of LDAP service [389]: <span
2556 style="font-weight: bold;">389</span><br>Base DN []: <span
2557 style="font-weight: bold;">dc=servername,dc=domain,dc=org</span><br>Bind DN []: <span
2558 style="font-weight: bold;">cn=manager,dc=servername,dc=domain,dc=org</span><br>Password for bind DN []: <span
2559 style="font-weight: bold;">secret</span><br style="font-weight: bold;"><br><span
2560 style="font-style: italic;">(more questions omitted...)</span><br><br>Save this configuration? <span
2561 style="font-weight: bold;">Yes</span><br></pre>
2562 Once you've done this, restart your Citadel service with the <span
2563 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: monospace;">.A</span></span><span
2564 style="font-family: monospace;">ide <span style="font-weight: bold;">T</span>erminate-server
2565 <span style="font-weight: bold;">N</span>ow</span> command. When
2566 Citadel restarts, it will connect to your LDAP directory. Note
2567 that we gave Citadel the same Base DN, Bind DN, and password that was
2568 in our LDAP server configuration example. Obviously, everything
2569 needs to be identical on both sides or the connection will be
2570 refused. 127.0.0.1 is the loopback address, and 389 is the
2571 standard port number for LDAP, so this would be the proper host and
2572 port combination for an LDAP service running on your local
2573 server. It could just as easily be on another server, for example
2574 an organization-wide directory server.<br>
2576 You can also configure the LDAP Connector for Citadel from a WebCit
2577 session. Log on as an Aide and click on Advanced Options -->
2578 Edit Site-Wide Configuration --> Directory, and you will be
2579 presented with the same set of questions.<br>
2581 So, what kind of information will be entered into LDAP? As a
2582 rule, anything that gets saved to your Global Address Book room will
2583 also be saved to LDAP. Citadel will set up OU's (Organizational
2584 Units) for each node on your Citadel network, so if you are running
2585 multiple Citadel servers in an organization, you will automatically
2586 have a hierarchial view built for you. Below the OU's will be an
2587 entry for each user who has a vCard registered on the system.
2588 Citadel automatically translates vCard information to LDAP.<br>
2590 If you already have a Global Address Book full of existing information,
2591 you can execute an <span style="font-family: monospace;">IGAB</span>
2592 (Initialize Global Address Book) server command to rebuild it. In
2593 addition to performing its usual function of rebuilding the internal
2594 Internet e-mail address mapping table, Citadel will also repopulate
2595 LDAP with all existing vCards. You should be aware, however, that
2596 existing LDAP entries will not be cleared from your directory
2597 server. If your directory contains only Citadel data, you can
2598 safely delete your database and start over, because it will be
2599 repopulated. Otherwise, Citadel will merely update any existing
2600 records with fresh information.<br>
2602 The LDAP Connector for Citadel is a recent development, so expect more
2603 functionality in this space in the near future.<br>
2609 <h2><a name="utilities"></a>Utilities</h2>
2611 <h3><a name="overview"></a>Overview</h3>
2612 <p>The following utilities will be discussed: </p>
2614 <li><b>aidepost</b> - Post standard input to the Aide> room </li>
2615 <li><b>whobbs</b> - Who is on the system </li>
2616 <li><b>msgform</b> - Format a binary message to the screen (stdin or
2618 <li><b>userlist</b> - Print the userlist </li>
2619 <li><b>sendcommand</b> - Send a server command </li>
2621 <p>It is up to you to decide which utilities should be made accessible
2622 only to system administrators. It is important that you set the file
2623 permissions correctly. All utilities should have access to the Citadel
2625 will attempt to address each program individually.</p>
2626 <h3><a name="aidepost"></a>aidepost</h3>
2627 <p>The nature of this program is rather simple. Standard input (stdin)
2628 is converted into a message, filed in the main message store, and
2629 posted in the Aide> room. This is useful for keeping transcripts of
2630 system activity that has to do with Citadel operations. You might even
2631 elect to send all of
2632 your system logs there, too.</p>
2633 <p><tt>aidepost</tt> also accepts the usage <tt>aidepost -rTargetRoom</tt>,
2634 where TargetRoom is the name of a room to which you'd like the message
2636 <h3><a name="whobbs"></a>whobbs</h3>
2637 <p>This program is similar to the <tt>who</tt> command. It lists all
2638 of the users who are currently connected to your Citadel server, either
2640 across a network. Unless you're running a standalone system, <tt>who</tt>
2641 and <tt>whobbs</tt> will probably not have a one-to-one
2642 correspondence. Remember
2643 that you will see sessions for SMTP, POP, and IMAP users, as well as
2645 running a Citadel client.</p>
2646 <p>One thing to keep in mind is that the <tt>whobbs</tt> utility
2647 actually opens a connection to the server. If the server is maxed out, <tt>whobbs</tt>
2648 will still be able to provide a listing, because it doesn't need to log
2649 in to execute the <tt>RWHO</tt> command. Note that whobbs does not
2650 list its own session.</p>
2651 <p>The <tt>whobbs</tt> utility is smart enough to know when it is
2652 being invoked by a web server as a CGI program. In this situation, it
2653 will output its listing
2654 as a nicely formatted web page instead of plain text. This makes it
2656 to just put a link to the whobbs binary in your cgi-bin directory,
2658 a quick and easy way for web surfers to see who is online.</p>
2659 <p>Running the <tt><b>W</b>ho is online</tt> command from the Citadel
2660 client does <b>not</b> call this utility. It has this functionality
2664 <h3><a name="msgform"></a>msgform</h3>
2665 <p>The <tt>msgform</tt> utility reads its standard input (stdin)
2667 Citadel messages stored in the internal format used on disk and over
2669 network, and sends them in a human-readable format to standard output
2670 (stdout). There is no longer much use for this program, but it is
2673 <h3><a name="userlist"></a>userlist</h3>
2674 <p>This is a program to print the userlist. There are two flags that
2676 set when running this program. When called without any arguments, <tt>userlist</tt>
2677 will display all users (except those who have chosen to be unlisted),
2678 their user numbers, times called, messages posted, screen width, and
2679 date of their most recent call.</p>
2680 <p><tt>userlist</tt> is simply the same user listing code that is in
2682 client, made into a standalone utility for convenience.<br>
2684 <h3><a name="sendcommand"></a>sendcommand</h3>
2685 <p><tt>sendcommand</tt> will interpret its arguments (except for <tt>-hDIRNAME</tt>)
2686 as a server command, which is sent to the server. Commands which
2687 require textual input will read it from stdin. Commands which generate
2688 textual output will be sent to stdout.</p>
2689 <p>This utility is intended to be used to enable Citadel server
2691 be executed from shell scripts.</p>
2692 <p><b>NOTE:</b> be sure that this utility is not world-executable. It
2693 connects to the server in privileged mode, and therefore could present
2695 if not properly restricted.</p>
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